Encara no he rebut cap factura per correu.

Encara no means not yet. In Catalan, it often goes near the beginning of the sentence, before the verb phrase:

Encara no he rebut... = I still haven’t received... / I haven’t received... yet

This is very natural word order in Catalan. You can also sometimes move encara elsewhere, but encara no at the start is one of the most common patterns.

He rebut is the present perfect in Catalan.

It is formed with:

• the auxiliary haver in the present tense
• plus the past participle

Here:

• he = I have
• rebut = past participle of rebre (to receive)

So:

• he rebut = I have received

In this sentence, it is used the same way English often uses have received / haven’t received.

Because Catalan forms compound tenses with haver, not with ser or estar.

So:

• he rebut = I have received
• not sóc rebut

This is similar to Spanish and different from languages that sometimes use to be as an auxiliary. In modern Catalan, for this kind of tense, haver is the normal auxiliary verb.

Here cap means any or no ... at all in a negative sentence.

So:

• cap factura = any invoice
• with no, the whole idea becomes no invoice / not a single invoice

In Catalan, cap is very common after a negative:

• No tinc cap problema = I don’t have any problem
• No veig cap cotxe = I don’t see any car

So no he rebut cap factura means I haven’t received any invoice.

Yes, but this is normal in Catalan. Catalan uses negative concord, which means multiple negative-type words can appear together in the same sentence without cancelling each other out.

So:

• no ... cap is standard Catalan
• it does not mean a logical double negative

Compare:

• No he vist ningú = I haven’t seen anyone
• No tinc res = I don’t have anything
• No he rebut cap factura = I haven’t received any invoice

For an English speaker, this can feel unusual, but in Catalan it is the normal pattern.

Because cap normally goes directly before the noun, without an article.

So you say:

• cap factura
• cap problema
• cap carta

Not:

• cap la factura
• cap una factura

This works because cap itself is already acting like a determiner.

Per correu means by mail/post or more generally through the mail.

So:

• factura per correu = invoice by mail

Depending on context, it usually means ordinary postal mail, not email. If you specifically mean email, Catalan normally says:

• per correu electrònic
• or simply per email

So in this sentence, per correu will usually be understood as by post / through the mail.

Because per correu expresses the means or method: by mail.

Catalan often uses per + noun without an article when talking about means of transport, communication, or method:

• per telèfon = by phone
• per correu = by mail
• per internet = online / through the internet

Pel correu usually means through the mail system in a more literal or specific sense, but in this sentence the idiomatic expression is per correu.

Yes, a little. Catalan allows some flexibility.

For example, these are also possible:

• No he rebut encara cap factura per correu.
• Encara no he rebut cap factura.
• Cap factura per correu encara no l’he rebuda. — possible, but much less neutral and more marked

The original sentence, Encara no he rebut cap factura per correu, is very natural and neutral.

Yes. They are related historically, but they function differently.

• rebut as a past participle of rebre means received
• un rebut as a noun usually means a receipt or sometimes a bill/charge notice, depending on context

So in this sentence:

• he rebut = I have received

But elsewhere:

• Tinc un rebut = I have a receipt / a bill notice

Same form, different grammatical role.

A simple learner-friendly approximation is:

• he ≈ eh
• rebut ≈ ruh-BOOT

A bit more carefully in Central Catalan:

• he sounds like a short open-mid vowel, roughly eh
• rebut has stress on the last syllable: re-BUT

So the rhythm is: En-CA-ra no he re-BUT cap fac-TU-ra per cor-REU

The most important thing is to keep the stress on:

• rebut
• factura
• correu

Yes, and that is very natural too, but it changes the perspective slightly.

• he rebut = I have received
• m’ha arribat = has arrived to me / I have received by arrival

Both can be translated naturally as I haven’t received any invoice by mail yet, but:

• he rebut focuses a bit more on receiving
• m’ha arribat focuses a bit more on the invoice arriving

In everyday Catalan, both are common depending on the speaker and context.