Les meves amigues van reservar una taula prop de la finestra.

In Catalan, a definite article is normally used with a possessive:

• les meves amigues = my friends
• literally: the my friends

This is standard Catalan. English does not use an article with possessives, but Catalan usually does.

So:

• Les meves amigues = correct
• Meves amigues = generally not natural in a normal sentence like this

All three words agree in gender and number:

• les = feminine plural the
• meves = feminine plural my
• amigues = feminine plural friends

This tells you the speaker is talking about a group of female friends.

Compare:

• les meves amigues = my female friends
• els meus amics = my male friends / my friends (mixed group is often masculine plural)

No. In this sentence, van reservar is a past tense, not a movement verb.

Catalan very often uses the periphrastic past:

• vaig reservar = I reserved
• vas reservar = you reserved
• va reservar = he/she reserved
• vam reservar = we reserved
• vau reservar = you all reserved
• van reservar = they reserved

So van reservar here means simply reserved.

Even though van comes from the verb anar (to go), in this structure it functions like a past marker.

It is the periphrastic preterite (a very common Catalan past tense).

It is used for a completed action in the past, like English reserved in this sentence.

So:

• Les meves amigues van reservar... = My friends reserved...

You will see this tense constantly in everyday Catalan, especially in speech.

Una taula means a table, so it introduces the table as something not previously specified.

• una taula = a table
• la taula = the table

In this sentence, the idea is that they reserved a table near the window, not necessarily one already known to the listener.

Because prop normally goes with de:

• prop de = near / close to

So:

• prop de la finestra = near the window

You should learn prop de as a fixed expression.

Examples:

• prop de casa = near home
• prop de l’estació = near the station

Yes. Prop de and a prop de can both mean near.

So both are possible:

• una taula prop de la finestra
• una taula a prop de la finestra

In many contexts, both sound natural. A prop de can sometimes feel a little more explicitly like close to, but in a sentence like this the difference is small.

Yes, the basic word order here is very similar to English:

• Les meves amigues = subject
• van reservar = verb
• una taula = object
• prop de la finestra = location phrase

So the structure is:

Subject + Verb + Object + Place/Location phrase

That makes this sentence quite straightforward for an English speaker.

Because it agrees with amigues, which is plural.

Catalan possessives change form depending on the noun:

• el meu amic = my male friend
• la meva amiga = my female friend
• els meus amics = my male/mixed friends
• les meves amigues = my female friends

So meves is used because the noun is feminine plural.

The ending helps:

• amiga = female friend
• amigues = female friends

Here:

• -a often marks feminine singular
• -es often marks feminine plural

And the article and possessive confirm it:

• les = feminine plural
• meves = feminine plural

So all three words point to the same thing: a plural group of women.

Yes, finestra is feminine, which is why the sentence has:

• la finestra = the window

Many Catalan nouns ending in -a are feminine, and finestra is one of them.

So:

• una finestra = a window
• la finestra = the window

Not in this meaning. Prop needs something to relate to.

You need:

• prop de la finestra = near the window
• prop de l’entrada = near the entrance

Just prop by itself would usually sound incomplete here.

You would change the article, possessive, and noun to masculine plural:

• Els meus amics van reservar una taula prop de la finestra.

So the pattern is:

• les meves amigues = my female friends
• els meus amics = my male friends / my friends in a mixed group

The rest of the sentence stays the same.