Diumenge la meva amiga vol descansar a casa.

By itself, diumenge usually refers to a particular Sunday, often understood as on Sunday or this Sunday, depending on context.

If you want every Sunday, Catalan more commonly says:

• cada diumenge
• els diumenges

So Diumenge la meva amiga vol descansar a casa most naturally means something like On Sunday / This Sunday, my friend wants to rest at home.

Catalan often uses days of the week directly as time expressions, without a preposition. English needs on in on Sunday, but Catalan can simply say diumenge.

So:

• Diumenge treballo = I work on Sunday
• Diumenge la meva amiga vol descansar a casa = On Sunday, my friend wants to rest at home

In standard Catalan, possessives are usually used with the definite article:

• la meva amiga = my friend
• el meu llibre = my book
• els nostres veïns = our neighbors

So the article la is not optional here; it is the normal Catalan pattern.

Because the possessive agrees with the noun it describes, not with the speaker.

• amiga is feminine singular
• so the possessive must also be feminine singular: meva

Compare:

• la meva amiga = my female friend
• el meu amic = my male friend

Yes. Amiga is the feminine form, so it refers to a female friend. The masculine form is amic.

So:

• la meva amiga = my female friend
• el meu amic = my male friend

This tells you the gender of the friend, not the gender of the speaker.

Vol is the third-person singular present tense of the verb voler, which means to want.

The subject is la meva amiga, which is third-person singular, so vol is the correct form.

A few present-tense forms of voler are:

• jo vull = I want
• tu vols = you want
• ell/ella vol = he/she wants

So la meva amiga vol means my friend wants.

Because after voler, Catalan uses the infinitive of the next verb.

So:

• vol descansar = wants to rest
• vol menjar = wants to eat
• vol sortir = wants to go out

This is similar to English, where wants is followed by to + verb, but in Catalan the infinitive comes directly after vol.

Catalan does not use a separate word like English to in this structure. After voler, the infinitive follows directly:

• vol descansar
• vol dormir
• vol estudiar

So although English says wants to rest, Catalan simply says vol descansar.

A casa is a very common expression meaning at home or sometimes home, depending on the verb.

Here, with descansar, it means at home:

• descansar a casa = to rest at home

Catalan normally uses a casa without an article when talking about home in a general sense.

A la casa would usually mean at the house or to the house, referring more to a specific house or building, not the general idea of home.

Catalan often leaves out subject pronouns when they are not needed. In this sentence, the subject is already clearly stated as la meva amiga, so adding ella would be unnecessary.

Catalan can use either:

• a full noun phrase: la meva amiga vol descansar
• or a pronoun, if the context is already clear: vol descansar or ella vol descansar

But you normally do not need both.

Yes. Catalan word order is fairly flexible, especially with time expressions like diumenge.

The original sentence:

• Diumenge la meva amiga vol descansar a casa

puts the time first, which is very natural and gives diumenge a bit of emphasis.

You could also say:

• La meva amiga vol descansar a casa diumenge

The meaning is basically the same, but the focus shifts slightly. The original version sounds natural and clear, especially if you want to begin with the time.