La mare està cansada avui.

In Catalan, it is very common to use the definite article before family members, especially in ordinary statements.

So la mare means the mother, but in many contexts it naturally corresponds to English mother or mom.

Examples:

• La mare està cansada. = Mother/Mom is tired.
• El pare treballa. = Father/Dad is working.

Using the article here is normal Catalan.

Catalan has two verbs that can both mean to be:

• ser → often for identity, essential characteristics, origin, etc.
• estar → often for states, conditions, location, and temporary situations

In La mare està cansada avui, cansada is a temporary condition, so estar is the natural choice.

Compare:

• La mare està cansada. = Mother is tired.
• La mare és amable. = Mother is kind.

So està cansada means she is in the state of being tired.

Està is the third person singular form of estar in the present tense.

That matches la mare, which is she.

Present tense of estar:

• jo estic
• tu estàs
• ell/ella/vostè està
• nosaltres estem
• vosaltres esteu
• ells/elles/vostès estan

So:

• La mare està... = Mother is...

Because mare is a feminine noun.

In Catalan, adjectives often agree in gender and number with the noun they describe.

• masculine singular: cansat
• feminine singular: cansada
• masculine plural: cansats
• feminine plural: cansades

So:

• El pare està cansat.
• La mare està cansada.

This is adjective agreement.

No. Avui means today, and its position is fairly flexible.

These are all possible:

• La mare està cansada avui.
• Avui la mare està cansada.
• La mare avui està cansada.

The version with avui at the end sounds very natural and straightforward.

Position can slightly affect emphasis:

• Avui la mare està cansada. emphasizes today
• La mare està cansada avui. sounds more neutral

Yes, very often.

Catalan is a pro-drop language, which means the subject pronoun can often be omitted because the verb form already tells you who the subject is.

So if the context is clear, you could say:

• Està cansada avui. = She is tired today.

But in your sentence, la mare is included for clarity or emphasis.

Mare literally means mother.

Depending on context, English might translate it as:

• mother
• mom
• mum

Catalan itself does not change the word here in the same way English switches between mother and mom. The exact English translation depends on tone and context.

The accent mark shows the stressed syllable and helps distinguish forms.

Està is stressed on the second syllable:

• es-TÀ

This accent is part of the correct spelling.

It also helps distinguish it from other forms or similar-looking words. In Catalan, written accents are important and should not be ignored.

Yes, this sentence follows the basic subject + verb + adjective + time expression pattern:

• La mare = subject
• està = verb
• cansada = adjective/complement
• avui = time expression

So the structure is very similar to English:

• The mother is tired today.

That makes this sentence quite approachable for English speakers.

Normally, no. In standard Catalan, estar cansat/cansada is the usual way to say to be tired.

Using ser here would sound unnatural or wrong in most everyday contexts.

So the correct choice is:

• La mare està cansada avui.

Yes.

• Avui la mare està cansada.

This still means Mother is tired today.

The core meaning stays the same, but starting with avui gives a little more prominence to the time element, as if you are contrasting today with some other day.

No, not unless you want emphasis or contrast.

Catalan usually does not require a subject pronoun when the subject is already clear.

So:

• La mare està cansada avui. is complete.
• Ella està cansada avui. = She is tired today.
• La mare, ella està cansada avui. would only be used in special emphatic contexts.

Usually, adding ella when it is not needed sounds less natural than in English.

You would change the noun, verb, and adjective to match the plural subject.

For example:

• Les mares estan cansades avui. = The mothers are tired today.

Changes:

• la → les
• mare → mares
• està → estan
• cansada → cansades

This shows how Catalan marks agreement in several parts of the sentence.