عادة أقرأ صحيفة في الشرفة بعد الغداء.

عادةً means usually or habitually here. It is often used like an adverb, even though it comes from a noun meaning habit or custom.

Starting the sentence with عادةً puts the idea of usual routine first:

• عادةً أقرأ... = Usually, I read...

Arabic is fairly flexible about adverb placement, so you could also hear:

• أقرأ عادةً صحيفةً...

Both are correct, but starting with عادةً makes the habitual aspect stand out more.

Because the verb أقرأ already includes the meaning I read.

In Arabic, verbs normally show the subject inside the verb itself. The prefix أ at the beginning of أقرأ marks first person singular, so أنا is not necessary.

• أقرأ = I read
• أنا أقرأ = I read / I am reading, but with extra emphasis on I

So leaving out أنا is completely normal and usually more natural.

أقرأ is the imperfect form of the verb قرأ (to read).

In Modern Standard Arabic, the imperfect can express:

• a present action
• a habitual action
• sometimes a future action, depending on context

In this sentence, because of عادةً, it clearly has a habitual meaning:

• أقرأ = I read / I usually read

If fully vocalized, it is:

• أقرأُ

It is pronounced roughly aqra’u.

There are two important parts here:

• the initial أ is the first-person prefix, giving the meaning I
• the final ء is part of the root of the verb قرأ

So the verb is built from the root ق ر أ and means to read.

That final hamza is real and should be pronounced, even if lightly:

• أقرأ → aqraʾu

English speakers often want to smooth it out too much, but in careful Arabic the hamza is still there.

Because صحيفة here means a newspaper, not the newspaper.

Arabic, like English, can make nouns definite or indefinite:

• صحيفة = a newspaper
• الصحيفة = the newspaper

So the sentence is talking about reading some newspaper / a newspaper in general, not one specific newspaper already known to the listener.

If fully vocalized, it would be:

• صحيفةً

That final -ً marks it as an indefinite direct object.

Because it is the direct object of the verb أقرأ.

The structure is:

• أقرأ = I read
• صحيفةً = a newspaper

In formal grammar, direct objects take the accusative case, so:

• صحيفة → صحيفةً

In normal everyday writing, these case endings are usually not written, so you will often just see:

• صحيفة

But in fully vocalized MSA, صحيفةً is the correct form.

This is a very common kind of difference between English and Arabic.

Arabic often uses في (in / at) for being within a place or area, even when English prefers on. A balcony is understood as a location or space, so في الشرفة is natural.

So:

• في الشرفة = literally in the balcony
• but naturally understood as on the balcony

In other words, you should not translate the preposition too mechanically. Arabic and English do not always choose the same one.

Because ش is a sun letter.

The definite article is written ال in all cases, but with sun letters, the ل sound assimilates to the next consonant in pronunciation.

So:

• written: الشرفة
• pronounced: ash-shurfa

The spelling does not change, only the pronunciation.

This happens with all sun letters, such as:

• الشمس → ash-shams
• الشارع → ash-shāriʿ

بعد means after.

So:

• بعد الغداء = after lunch

Grammatically, بعد is followed by a noun, and that noun is in the genitive:

• الغداءِ

So the fully vocalized phrase is:

• بعدَ الغداءِ

This kind of structure is very common:

• بعد العمل = after work
• بعد الدرس = after the lesson
• قبل النوم = before sleep

In fully vocalized MSA, the sentence would be:

عادةً أقرأُ صحيفةً في الشرفةِ بعدَ الغداءِ

Here is why:

• عادةً: adverbial accusative expression
• أقرأُ: imperfect verb in the indicative
• صحيفةً: direct object, so accusative
• في الشرفةِ: after a preposition, so genitive
• بعدَ: an adverb of time, accusative
• الغداءِ: genitive after بعد in this construction

In unvocalized everyday writing, most of these endings are simply not shown.

Not always.

In very careful, formal MSA—such as news reading, formal speeches, or classical recitation—case endings are more likely to be pronounced.

In less formal spoken MSA, many speakers reduce or drop some final case endings, especially in pause. So learners often first become comfortable with the basic words and structure, and then gradually learn the full endings.

Still, it is useful to know the grammar behind them, because it helps you read and understand formal Arabic correctly.

Yes. Arabic word order is fairly flexible.

This sentence could also appear as:

• أقرأ عادةً صحيفةً في الشرفة بعد الغداء
• بعد الغداء أقرأ صحيفةً في الشرفة
• في الشرفة أقرأ صحيفةً بعد الغداء عادةً
  though this last one has a different emphasis and is less neutral

The original order:

• عادةً أقرأ صحيفة في الشرفة بعد الغداء

is natural and emphasizes the idea of usual habit first.

So the word order can change, but the focus or rhythm of the sentence changes with it.