صديقي ينتظر طردا هذا الأسبوع.

Because صديق means friend, and the suffix ـي means my.

So:

• صديق = friend
• صديقي = my friend

This suffix attaches directly to the noun, so Arabic does not need a separate word for my here.

Because nouns with the first-person singular possessive suffix ـي often do not show the normal case ending clearly.

So even though صديقي is the subject of the sentence, you do not see a separate ـُ ending the way you might expect with a regular noun. The possession ending ـي changes how the word appears and hides the usual final case vowel.

ينتظر is an imperfect verb, third-person masculine singular.

That means it matches a subject like he. In this sentence, it agrees with صديقي.

So ينتظر can mean:

• he waits
• he is waiting

In Modern Standard Arabic, the imperfect often covers both the simple present and the present progressive, and context tells you which is meant.

Because Arabic verbs already include subject information.

ينتظر already tells you the subject is:

• third person
• masculine
• singular

So Arabic does not need a separate word for he here. The noun صديقي names the subject directly, and the verb agrees with it.

Both word orders are possible in Modern Standard Arabic.

• صديقي ينتظر طردا هذا الأسبوع.
• ينتظر صديقي طردا هذا الأسبوع.

The version in your sentence is subject + verb order. This is very common and feels straightforward, especially when the speaker starts by introducing the topic: my friend.

The verb + subject order is also normal in MSA, so learners should get used to both patterns.

This is the indefinite accusative form of طرد.

If fully vocalized, it is:

• طردًا

Here is what is happening:

• طرد = package / parcel
• it is the direct object of ينتظر
• direct objects are usually accusative
• because it is indefinite, it takes tanwīn

That is why you get طردًا. In normal unvocalized writing, you will often just see طردا.

Because it means a package, not the package.

In Arabic:

• طرد / طردًا = a package
• الطرد = the package

So the lack of الـ shows that the noun is indefinite.

Because Arabic often uses a bare time expression as an adverb, without a preposition.

So هذا الأسبوع naturally means:

• this week

This is very common with expressions of time. English sometimes does something similar:

• I’m leaving this week
  not necessarily
• I’m leaving in this week

Arabic works the same way here.

In Modern Standard Arabic, after a demonstrative like هذا (this), the noun is usually definite, so it normally takes الـ.

That is why you get:

• هذا الأسبوع = this week
• هذا الكتاب = this book
• هذا الرجل = this man

So the pattern is usually:

• demonstrative + definite noun

Because الأسبوع is a masculine singular noun.

In MSA:

• هذا is used with masculine singular
• هذه is used with feminine singular

So:

• هذا الأسبوع = this week

If the noun were feminine, you would use هذه instead.

A fully vocalized version would be:

صديقي ينتظرُ طردًا هذا الأسبوعَ.

A few notes:

• ينتظرُ has a final ḍamma
• طردًا is accusative and indefinite
• هذا الأسبوعَ functions as a time expression, so الأسبوعَ is in the accusative here

In normal Arabic writing, these short vowels are usually left out, which is why learners commonly see:

صديقي ينتظر طردا هذا الأسبوع.