الجار الجديد يقرأ صحيفة في المقهى كل صباح.

Because both words are definite: الجار = the neighbor, and الجديد = the new.

In Arabic, when an adjective describes a definite noun, the adjective must also be definite. So:

• الجار = the neighbor
• الجديد = the new
• الجار الجديد = the new neighbor

This is called adjective agreement in definiteness.

In Arabic, adjectives normally come after the noun they describe.

So instead of English new neighbor, Arabic says:

• الجار الجديد
• literally: the neighbor the-new

This is completely normal in Arabic word order.

You can tell from the way it matches الجار.

Arabic adjectives agree with the noun in:

• definiteness
• gender
• number
• usually case as well in fully vocalized Arabic

Here, الجديد matches الجار, so it is understood as describing it:

• الجار الجديد = the new neighbor

If it were a separate noun, the meaning and structure would be different.

يقرأ means he reads or he is reading, depending on context.

The prefix يـ is a common marker of the present/imperfect tense for third-person masculine singular.

So:

• يقرأ = he reads
• root letters: ق ر أ
• basic verb: قرأ = to read

Because الجار الجديد is a singular masculine subject, the verb is يقرأ.

Because this sentence does not need one.

In Arabic, a present-tense verbal sentence can simply use the verb itself:

• الجار الجديد يقرأ...
• The new neighbor reads...

Arabic does not need an extra helping verb like is here.

Also, English sometimes uses is reading, but Arabic يقرأ can often cover both reads and is reading, depending on context.

Because صحيفة does not have الـ.

Compare:

• صحيفة = a newspaper / newspaper (indefinite)
• الصحيفة = the newspaper (definite)

So in this sentence:

• يقرأ صحيفة = reads a newspaper

In fully vocalized MSA, it would often be written صحيفةً in this position.

Because صحيفة is the object, not the subject.

The verb agrees with the subject, which is الجار الجديد and is masculine singular. So the verb is masculine singular:

• الجار الجديد يقرأ صحيفة
• The new neighbor reads a newspaper

If the subject were feminine, the verb would change. For example:

• الجارة الجديدة تقرأ صحيفة
• The new female neighbor reads a newspaper

في usually means in or at, depending on context.

So:

• في = in / at
• المقهى = the café
• في المقهى = in the café or at the café

Both are natural translations in English.

Because the word مقهى ends in alif maqṣūrah (ى), not a regular yāʾ (ي).

This final ى usually represents a long ā sound, so مقهى is pronounced roughly maqhā.

So even though it looks a bit unusual to English learners, it is the normal spelling of this word.

Literally, it means every morning.

Breakdown:

• كل = every / each
• صباح = morning

Together:

• كل صباح = every morning

This is a very common Arabic time expression.

Because English and Arabic structure time expressions differently.

Arabic often uses a direct time expression without a preposition:

• كل صباح = every morning
• كل يوم = every day
• كل أسبوع = every week

So you do not need a preposition before كل صباح.

Yes. It is an iḍāfa structure.

In Arabic grammar, كل is followed by a noun in a genitive relationship:

• كل صباح
• literally something like every of morning

But in natural English, you just translate it as every morning.

In fully vocalized MSA, this would typically appear as:

• كلَّ صباحٍ

Here:

• كلَّ is in the accusative because it functions adverbially
• صباحٍ is genitive as the second part of the iḍāfa

Both patterns are possible in MSA.

This sentence begins with the subject:

• الجار الجديد يقرأ صحيفة...

That is a perfectly correct subject–verb–object order.

Arabic also often allows verb–subject order, for example:

• يقرأ الجار الجديد صحيفة...

Both are grammatical. Starting with the subject can feel slightly more like The new neighbor reads..., while starting with the verb can feel more typically verbal in Arabic style.

A fully vocalized version would typically be:

• الجارُ الجديدُ يقرأُ صحيفةً في المقهى كلَّ صباحٍ

Here is why:

• الجارُ: nominative, because it is the subject
• الجديدُ: nominative adjective matching الجار
• يقرأُ: present tense with final ـُ
• صحيفةً: accusative direct object
• في المقهى: after في, the noun is genitive in function
• كلَّ: accusative as an adverbial expression of time
• صباحٍ: genitive as part of the iḍāfa with كل

In normal everyday Arabic writing, these short vowels are usually omitted.

It can be tricky because it contains a hamza.

It is pronounced roughly:

• yaqraʾu

The ending part ـرأ includes a glottal stop, which is the hamza sound. English speakers often find this difficult at first.

A rough breakdown:

• ya = يَ
• qra = قْرَ
• ʾu = ءُ

So the word is not smooth like yaqrau; there is a clear break before the hamza.

Yes, depending on context.

In MSA, the present tense يقرأ can mean:

• reads
• is reading

In this particular sentence, because of كل صباح (every morning), the habitual meaning is strongest:

• The new neighbor reads a newspaper in the café every morning

So here reads is the most natural translation.