في البنك قالت الموظفة إن الحساب القديم يحتاج إلى بطاقة جديدة.

Because الموظفة is feminine singular.

• قال = he said
• قالت = she said

So قالت الموظفة means the female employee said. In Arabic past tense, the verb shows gender, and here it matches الموظفة.

الموظفة means the female employee.

The ending ة (called tāʾ marbūṭa) often marks a feminine noun. Compare:

• موظف = male employee
• موظفة = female employee

In normal pause, that final ة is usually pronounced like -a. In connected speech or with case endings, it can sound more like -t.

Arabic often moves time and place expressions to the front to set the scene first.

So:

• في البنك قالت الموظفة... = At the bank, the employee said...

This is very natural. You could also say:

• قالت الموظفة في البنك...

but starting with في البنك gives a little more emphasis to the location, like setting the context first.

Both are possible in Arabic, but verb + subject is a very common default order, especially in narrative or formal style.

• قالت الموظفة = literally said the employee
• الموظفة قالت = the employee said

The second version can sound a bit more emphatic on the employee. The first is the more neutral flow here.

Here إنَّ means that and introduces the reported statement:

• قالت الموظفة إن... = The employee said that...

This is a very common pattern in MSA after verbs of saying.

Do not confuse it with أنْ + a present verb, which often means something like to ..., as in:

• يريد أن يذهب = He wants to go

In this sentence, إنَّ is the normal choice for introducing the content of what was said.

Yes. In formal grammar, إنَّ makes its noun accusative.

So in a fully vocalized version, you would have:

• إنَّ الحسابَ القديمَ...

Here:

• الحسابَ is the noun of إنَّ
• القديمَ matches it as an adjective

In ordinary Arabic writing, short case endings are usually not written, so you just see:

• إن الحساب القديم

without the visible vowel marks.

Because Arabic adjectives usually come after the noun they describe, not before it.

So:

• الحساب القديم = literally the account the-old = the old account

Also, adjectives in Arabic agree with the noun in several ways, including definiteness. Since الحساب is definite (the account), the adjective must also be definite:

• الحساب القديم = the old account
• not الحساب قديم if you mean the old account

Note that الحساب قديم would mean the account is old, which is a different structure.

Because the verb يحتاج normally takes the preposition إلى in MSA.

So the pattern is:

• يحتاج إلى شيء = needs something

Examples:

• يحتاج إلى وقت = it needs time
• يحتاج إلى بطاقة جديدة = it needs a new card

So إلى is part of the usual verb pattern here.

Because بطاقة is a feminine noun, and adjectives must agree with the noun they describe.

• بطاقة = card
• جديدة = new, feminine singular

Compare:

• حساب جديد = a new account
• بطاقة جديدة = a new card

Also, the adjective comes after the noun in Arabic.

Arabic does not have a separate word for a/an.

Instead, indefiniteness is usually shown by the absence of ال.

So:

• البطاقة الجديدة = the new card
• بطاقة جديدة = a new card

In fully vocalized formal Arabic, indefiniteness is also shown by nunation:

• بطاقةٌ جديدةٌ or, after a preposition here, بطاقةٍ جديدةٍ

But in normal writing, you usually just notice that there is no ال.

A careful fully vocalized reading would be:

في البنكِ قالتِ الموظفةُ إنَّ الحسابَ القديمَ يحتاجُ إلى بطاقةٍ جديدةٍ.

A simple transliteration is:

fī al-banki qālati al-muwaẓẓafatu inna al-ḥisāba al-qadīma yaḥtāju ilā biṭāqatin jadīdatin

A few useful notes:

• In everyday reading, people often do not pronounce all the case endings.
• If you stop after قالت, you would usually say قالتْ.
• In connected speech before الموظفة, it is often heard as قالتِ الموظفة to make pronunciation easier.