قبل العشاء أذهب إلى السوق مع أمي.

Arabic word order is more flexible than English word order. A time phrase like قبل العشاء can come first to set the scene: Before dinner, I go to the market with my mother.

The sentence could also be said as أذهب إلى السوق مع أمي قبل العشاء. Starting with قبل العشاء simply gives extra focus to the time.

قبل means before. In this sentence, it is a time expression, so قبل العشاء means before dinner.

In grammar terms, قبل commonly forms a construct phrase with the noun after it:

• قبل العشاء = before dinner

Because it comes after قبل in a construct-type phrase. In fully vocalized MSA, it would be:

• قَبْلَ العَشَاءِ

Here:

• قبلَ is a time adverb
• العشاءِ is genitive

In normal Arabic writing, these short vowel endings are usually not written, so learners often do not see them.

Because the verb أذهب already includes the subject I.

Arabic verbs usually tell you who is doing the action. So:

• أذهب = I go

A separate pronoun is not required.

Yes, you can, but it usually adds emphasis or contrast.

For example:

• أنا أذهب، لا أخي = I am the one who goes, not my brother

In a normal simple sentence, أذهب by itself is more natural.

It is the imperfect form, which can cover several meanings depending on context:

• I go
• I am going
• sometimes a near future idea

In this sentence, the most natural reading is a habitual or simple present meaning: I go.

If you want to make the future clearer, Arabic often uses:

• سأذهب
• سوف أذهب

In MSA, the verb ذهب normally takes إلى when you say where someone goes.

So:

• أذهب إلى السوق = I go to the market

This is the standard way to express movement toward a place.

السوق means the market. The definite article الـ makes it definite.

So:

• إلى السوق = to the market
• إلى سوق = to a market

In many everyday contexts, Arabic prefers the definite form when the place is understood as a known or expected destination.

Because س is a sun letter. With sun letters, the l sound of الـ is not pronounced; instead, the following consonant is doubled in pronunciation.

So:

• written: السوق
• pronounced: as-sūq

This is a pronunciation rule only. The spelling stays the same.

The base word is:

• أم = mother

Then Arabic adds the possessive suffix:

• ـي = my

So:

• أمي = my mother

Arabic often uses suffixes like this instead of separate words such as my, your, or his.

Because a noun with a possessive suffix is already definite.

So:

• أمي already means my mother, which is specific and definite

For that reason, Arabic does not add الـ to it.

مع means with.

So:

• مع أمي = with my mother

It shows companionship: the speaker is going together with their mother.

In standard grammar, the noun after مع is treated in the genitive relationship.

A fully vocalized version is:

قَبْلَ العَشَاءِ أَذْهَبُ إِلَى السُّوقِ مَعَ أُمِّي.

Breakdown:

• قَبْلَ — time adverb, accusative
• العَشَاءِ — genitive after قبل
• أَذْهَبُ — imperfect verb, indicative
• إِلَى — preposition
• السُّوقِ — genitive after إلى
• مَعَ — with
• أُمِّي — my mother, in genitive relation after مع

In everyday unvocalized writing, these endings are usually omitted.

Yes. Arabic allows several natural word orders.

For example:

• قبل العشاء أذهب إلى السوق مع أمي
• أذهب إلى السوق مع أمي قبل العشاء
• أذهب مع أمي إلى السوق قبل العشاء

These all express basically the same idea, but the emphasis changes slightly depending on what comes first.

Yes. قبل can be used in different contexts, including time-related meanings like before.

In this sentence, because it is followed by العشاء (dinner), the meaning is clearly temporal:

• قبل العشاء = before dinner

So context tells you which meaning is intended.