هل تستطيع أن تغلق الباب؟ المفتاح على الكرسي قرب الحقيبة.

A careful MSA-style pronunciation is:

hal tastaṭīʿu an tughliqa al-bāb? al-miftāḥu ʿalā al-kursī qurb al-ḥaqība.

A few notes:

• تستطيع is pronounced tastaṭīʿu, with an emphatic ṭ.
• In normal unvocalized writing, short vowels are not shown, so learners often see the same spelling without knowing the exact endings.
• In everyday reading, many speakers do not fully pronounce case endings, so you may also hear something closer to al-miftāḥ ʿalā al-kursī qurb al-ḥaqība.

هل is a yes/no question particle.

It turns a statement into a question, similar to English do / can / is question structure, but Arabic does not need extra support words the way English does.

• تستطيع أن تغلق الباب = you can close the door
• هل تستطيع أن تغلق الباب؟ = can you close the door?

So هل is one of the most common ways to ask a neutral yes/no question in Modern Standard Arabic.

تستطيع means you are able / you can.

It comes from the verb استطاع = to be able to. In this sentence, it is addressing one male person.

So the form tells you:

• تـ = you
• the full form تستطيع = you can / you are able

If you were speaking to a woman, you would usually say تستطيعين instead.

After verbs like يستطيع or استطاع, Arabic commonly uses أن + present-tense verb to express something like English to + verb.

So:

• تستطيع أن تغلق = you can to-close = you can close

In other words, أن تغلق functions much like an infinitive phrase in English.

This is very common in MSA:

• أريد أن أذهب = I want to go
• أستطيع أن أقرأ = I can read

Yes. Grammatically, أن makes the following present-tense verb subjunctive.

In fully vocalized Arabic:

• تُغلِقُ = you close / you are closing
• أن تُغلِقَ = to close

The change is mainly in the final short vowel, from -u to -a.

However, in normal Arabic writing, short vowels are usually not written, so learners often do not see the change on the page. That is why تغلق looks the same here.

الباب has الـ, so it means the door, not just a door.

Arabic often uses the definite article when the object is specific and understood from the situation. In a real-life context, there is usually a particular door being referred to.

So:

• باب = a door
• الباب = the door

Using الباب here sounds natural because the speaker means a specific door nearby.

In Arabic, present-tense to be is usually not expressed in simple sentences like this.

So:

• المفتاح على الكرسي literally = the key on the chair
• natural English meaning = The key is on the chair

This is called a nominal sentence in Arabic.

If you wanted past tense, then Arabic would use a verb such as كان:

• كان المفتاح على الكرسي = The key was on the chair

Because المفتاح is the topic or subject of the sentence.

Arabic often builds present-tense descriptive sentences as:

• definite noun + information about it

So:

• المفتاح = the key
• على الكرسي قرب الحقيبة = on the chair near the bag

This is the most neutral word order here: The key is on the chair near the bag.

Arabic can move parts around for emphasis, but this order is the straightforward one.

They express two different location relationships:

• على = on
• قرب = near

So the location is built in stages:

• على الكرسي = on the chair
• قرب الحقيبة = near the bag

Together:

• على الكرسي قرب الحقيبة = on the chair, near the bag

So the key is on the chair, and that chair is near the bag.

Here قرب works like a noun/adverb of place meaning nearness or near.

It is followed directly by the noun it relates to:

• قرب الحقيبة = near the bag

This is similar to an iḍāfa-type structure, so the second noun is in the genitive case.

In fully vocalized MSA, you could write it as:

• قربَ الحقيبةِ

In normal unvocalized text, you usually just see قرب الحقيبة.

Yes. Both are natural and mean near the bag.

• قرب الحقيبة = near the bag
• بالقرب من الحقيبة = near the bag / close to the bag

The version in your sentence is shorter and more compact. The بالقرب من version is also very common and may feel easier for learners because من clearly signals from / of / near to in the expression.

If you are speaking to one woman, you would normally say:

هل تستطيعين أن تغلقي الباب؟

The changes are:

• تستطيع → تستطيعين
• تغلق → تغلقي

This is because Arabic marks gender in the you forms much more regularly than English does.

For a group of men or a mixed group, you would usually say:

هل تستطيعون أن تغلقوا الباب؟

The changes are:

• تستطيع → تستطيعون
• تغلق → تغلقوا

Again, Arabic changes the verb form to match who is being addressed.

If you were speaking to a group of women, the form would be different again in full formal grammar, though learners usually meet the masculine plural first because it is more common in textbooks and mixed-group situations.