أريد أن أضع هذه الصورة قرب الحاسوب، لا قرب الباب.

After أريد (I want), Arabic normally uses أن + a present-tense verb to express what English often expresses with to + verb.

So:

• أريد أن أضع = I want to put

Literally, it is something like I want that I place, but the natural English translation is simply I want to put.

In Arabic, the present-tense verb after أن often corresponds to the English infinitive.

So even though أضع is a present-form verb, in أن أضع it means to put / to place, not I am putting.

This is very common:

• أريد أن أكتب = I want to write
• أحب أن أقرأ = I like to read

After أن, the present-tense verb is normally in the subjunctive.

So the fully vocalized form would be:

• أضعَ

But in normal Arabic writing, short vowels are usually omitted, so you just see:

• أضع

That means a learner often has to know from grammar, not from spelling alone, that the verb is subjunctive here.

Because صورة (picture/image) is a feminine singular noun, and the demonstrative must agree with it.

• هذا = this for masculine singular
• هذه = this for feminine singular

So:

• هذه الصورة = this picture

A very common clue is the ة at the end of صورة, which often marks a feminine noun.

In Arabic, when a noun comes after a demonstrative like هذا or هذه, the noun is usually definite and takes الـ.

So Arabic says:

• هذه الصورة

not usually:

• هذه صورة

when the meaning is this picture.

This is different from English, where this by itself already makes the noun definite and no article is added.

Yes, Arabic word order is flexible, but verb + object is very normal here.

So:

• أضع هذه الصورة = I put / place this picture

is the expected order.

You can move parts of the sentence for emphasis, but the version you were given is neutral and natural. For a learner, it is best to treat أضع هذه الصورة as a straightforward pattern: verb + direct object.

Here قرب means near or close to.

In grammar terms, it is often treated as a noun/adverb of place used to show location. So:

• قرب الحاسوب = near the computer
• قرب الباب = near the door

It is a very common way to express proximity in Modern Standard Arabic.

Because قرب in this structure directly connects to the following noun.

So Arabic says:

• قرب الحاسوب

not:

• قرب من الحاسوب

in this pattern.

The noun after قرب is part of an iḍāfa-like construction, so it is understood as the thing near which something is placed.

A different expression you may also see is:

• بالقرب من الحاسوب = near the computer

But that is a different structure.

They are definite because the sentence refers to specific, identifiable things:

• الحاسوب = the computer
• الباب = the door

In context, the speaker usually means a particular computer and a particular door, not just any computer or any door.

Also, after قرب, Arabic commonly uses a definite noun if the location is specific and known.

Because the contrast is between two locations:

• قرب الحاسوب = near the computer
• لا قرب الباب = not near the door

Arabic often repeats the preposition or location word in this kind of contrast to make the structure clear.

So the sentence means:

• near the computer, not near the door

If you said only لا الباب, it would sound incomplete here, because الباب is not the thing being negated by itself; the location near the door is what is being rejected.

Here لا is not negating the whole sentence. It is correcting or contrasting one option with another.

So:

• لا قرب الباب means not near the door

The overall sense is:

• I want to put this picture near the computer, not near the door.

So this لا works like a contrastive not, not like I do not want.

A fully vocalized version could be written as:

• أُريدُ أن أضعَ هذهِ الصورةَ قربَ الحاسوبِ، لا قربَ البابِ.

This shows some endings that are normally hidden in everyday writing:

• أريدُ: final -u
• أضعَ: subjunctive final -a after أن
• الصورةَ: direct object, so accusative
• الحاسوبِ and البابِ: genitive after قرب in this construction

In ordinary printed Arabic, these short vowels are usually omitted, so learners need to infer them from grammar.