في السوق، أذهب إلى متجر قريب لأن سعر القميص هناك منخفض.

في السوق is a prepositional phrase meaning in the market. Arabic often puts a time or place phrase at the beginning to set the scene.

So the sentence structure is roughly:

• في السوق = in the market
• أذهب إلى متجر قريب = I go to a nearby store
• لأن... = because...

Starting with في السوق gives the location first, a bit like saying:

• At the market, I go to a nearby store...

It is not the only possible order, but it is very natural.

The verb ذهب / يذهب usually uses إلى when you say where someone goes.

• أذهب إلى المتجر = I go to the store
• ذهب إلى المدرسة = he went to school

So أذهب إلى متجر قريب literally means I go to a nearby store.

English sometimes says just go somewhere, but Arabic normally uses إلى with the destination.

أذهب is the present/imperfect form meaning I go or I am going, depending on context.

The prefix أـ often marks I with many verbs in the present tense.

For ذهب:

• أذهب = I go
• تذهب = you go / she goes
• يذهب = he goes
• نذهب = we go

In this sentence, the subject is understood from the verb itself, so Arabic does not need a separate word for I.

Because Arabic verbs already show the subject.

أذهب already means I go, so adding أنا is usually unnecessary.

You could say:

• أنا أذهب إلى متجر قريب

but that sounds more emphatic, like I go to a nearby store.

In normal sentences, Arabic often omits subject pronouns when the verb already makes the subject clear.

Because متجر قريب means a nearby store, not the nearby store.

Arabic adjectives follow the noun and match it in definiteness. So:

• متجر قريب = a nearby store
• المتجر القريب = the nearby store

Here both words are indefinite:

• متجر = a store
• قريب = nearby / near

So together they mean a nearby store.

In Arabic, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• متجر قريب = a nearby store
• قميص جديد = a new shirt
• بيت كبير = a big house

This is different from English, where adjectives usually come before the noun.

Also, the adjective must match the noun in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness
• case

Here متجر is masculine singular indefinite, so قريب is also masculine singular indefinite.

Because it describes متجر, and متجر is a masculine noun.

Arabic adjectives must agree with the noun they describe. So:

• متجر قريب = a nearby store
• مدرسة قريبة = a nearby school

Since متجر is masculine, the adjective is قريب, not قريبة.

لأن means because.

Grammatically, it is historically made from:

• لِـ = for / because of
• أنَّ = a particle introducing a clause

So لأن is essentially a fixed word meaning because.

It introduces the reason:

• لأن سعر القميص هناك منخفض = because the price of the shirt there is low

In fully vowelled Arabic, you would usually see لأنَّ with a shadda on the ن.

سعر القميص is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive/possessive construction.

It literally means:

• سعر = price
• القميص = the shirt

Together:

• سعر القميص = the price of the shirt / the shirt’s price

Important things about iḍāfa:

1. The first noun usually does not take ال.
2. The second noun can be definite.
3. The whole phrase becomes definite if the second noun is definite.

So although سعر does not have ال, سعر القميص is still definite because القميص is definite.

Because that would not be how Arabic forms the price of the shirt.

When Arabic uses an iḍāfa construction, the first noun normally does not take ال. So you say:

• سعر القميص = the price of the shirt

not:

• السعر القميص

If you want a possessive or of relationship, Arabic usually uses iḍāfa rather than putting ال on both words.

هناك means there.

In this sentence, it tells you the location connected with the low price:

• سعر القميص هناك منخفض = the price of the shirt there is low

So the idea is not just that the shirt price is low in general, but that it is low there, in that place/store.

Arabic often places words like هناك inside the clause in a position that may feel flexible compared with English. Here it naturally fits between the subject phrase and the adjective/predicate.

Because منخفض agrees with سعر, not with القميص.

The subject of the clause is:

• سعر القميص = the price of the shirt

The head noun in that phrase is سعر, which is masculine singular. So the predicate adjective is also masculine singular:

• سعر القميص منخفض = the shirt’s price is low

Even though القميص is also masculine here, the important point is that the adjective is linked to سعر.

Yes, in a sense.

Arabic usually does not use a present-tense verb meaning is in simple sentences like this. So:

• سعر القميص هناك منخفض

literally looks like:

• the price of the shirt there low

but it means:

• the price of the shirt there is low

This kind of sentence is called a nominal sentence: a subject plus a predicate, without a present-tense to be.

It has two main parts:

1. في السوق، أذهب إلى متجر قريب

   • a location phrase plus a verbal sentence
   • In the market, I go to a nearby store

2. لأن سعر القميص هناك منخفض

   • a reason clause introduced by لأن
   • because the price of the shirt there is low

So the full pattern is:

• [setting/location] + [main action] + [reason]

This is a very common Arabic sentence pattern.

In normal Arabic writing, short vowel case endings are usually not written, so learners do not see them.

If the sentence were fully vowelled, it would look approximately like this:

فِي السُّوقِ، أَذْهَبُ إِلَى مَتْجَرٍ قَرِيبٍ لِأَنَّ سِعْرَ الْقَمِيصِ هُنَاكَ مُنْخَفِضٌ

A few useful points:

• السوقِ is after the preposition في, so it is genitive.
• متجرٍ قريبٍ is indefinite.
• After لأنَّ, the noun that follows is in the accusative, so سعرَ.
• القميصِ is genitive as the second term of the iḍāfa.
• منخفضٌ is the predicate.

In everyday unvowelled text, these endings are usually omitted.

Yes. The comma is just modern punctuation to show a pause after the introductory phrase.

Arabic punctuation is used in modern writing, but it is not always exactly the same as in English. You may see:

• في السوق، أذهب إلى متجر قريب...
• في السوق أذهب إلى متجر قريب...

Both are understandable. The comma simply helps the reader see that في السوق is an introductory setting phrase.