يرى صديقي الكوكب.

A careful MSA pronunciation is:

yarā ṣadīqī al-kawkaba

In Arabic with vowels, that is:

يَرَى صَدِيقِي الْكَوْكَبَ

A few notes:

• يرى = yarā, with a long ā at the end
• صديقي = ṣadīqī, with a long ī at the end
• الكوكب = al-kawkab(a)

In normal pausal pronunciation, the final case vowel is often not said out loud, so you may hear:

yarā ṣadīqī al-kawkab

The sentence uses verb–subject–object order:

• يرى = the verb
• صديقي = the subject
• الكوكب = the object

So, literally, it is structured like:

sees my friend the planet

This is a very normal word order in Modern Standard Arabic.

Yes. That would also be correct.

Arabic allows both:

• يرى صديقي الكوكب = VSO
• صديقي يرى الكوكب = SVO

Both mean the same thing in a basic sense. Very roughly:

• VSO often sounds more formal, narrative, or classically Arabic
• SVO often feels more straightforward or puts more focus on the subject

يرى is the imperfect form of the verb رأى.

Here it is:

• 3rd person
• masculine
• singular

So by itself, يرى means:

• he sees
• sometimes he is seeing
• in some contexts, the imperfect can also point to future meaning, though not usually by itself here

In this sentence, the explicit subject صديقي tells you who that he is.

The final ى is called alif maqṣūrah. Here it represents a final long ā sound.

So:

• يرى is pronounced yarā
• not yarī

This happens because رأى is an irregular verb. Its imperfect form does not look completely regular to beginners.

Good question. رأى is an irregular verb, and in the imperfect its shape changes.

So:

• dictionary form: رأى
• imperfect: يرى

The hamza that you see in رأى is not written in the imperfect form يرى.

This is something you mostly just learn as part of the verb’s pattern. It is a common verb, so it is worth memorizing:

• رأى = he saw / to see
• يرى = he sees

The ـي is the attached pronoun meaning my.

So:

• صديق = friend
• صديقي = my friend

That final ـي is pronounced as a long ī sound.

It is written as one word.

That is because Arabic often attaches short pronoun endings directly to nouns. So صديقي is:

• صديق = friend
• ـي = my

Together: صديقي = my friend

Grammatically, this works like a possessive construction.

Because it is already definite through possession.

In Arabic, a noun with an attached possessive pronoun is automatically definite. So:

• صديق = a friend / friend
• صديقي = my friend

You do not say الصديقي for my friend.

Also, a noun in this kind of possessive structure does not take tanwīn.

There are two main clues:

1. Word order
   In a VSO sentence, the noun right after the verb is usually the subject.

2. Case, if fully written
   In a fully vocalized version:

   • صديقي is the subject, so it is nominative
   • الكوكبَ is the direct object, so it is accusative

In normal unvocalized writing, you often rely on sentence structure and context.

الـ is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• كوكب = a planet / planet
• الكوكب = the planet

That is why the object here is definite.

In ordinary Arabic writing, short vowels and case endings are usually not written.

A fully vocalized version is:

يَرَى صَدِيقِي الْكَوْكَبَ

The important case information is:

• الكوكبَ ends in fatḥah because it is the direct object
• صديقي is the subject, so it is nominative, but with the ـي suffix, the case ending is not clearly visible in the simple written form

So even though the cases are there grammatically, everyday writing often leaves them unwritten.

It can cover both, depending on context.

The Arabic imperfect often overlaps with several English meanings, including:

• sees
• is seeing
• sometimes more general or habitual present meaning

Without extra context, English usually translates this sentence simply as My friend sees the planet.