البلاطة الخزفية قرب المزهرية.

In Arabic, the present-tense to be is usually not stated.

So:

• البلاطة الخزفية قرب المزهرية literally looks like
• the ceramic tile near the vase

but it means

• The ceramic tile is near the vase.

This is a very common Arabic pattern called a nominal sentence. In the present tense, Arabic normally leaves out is / am / are.

If you wanted a past-tense version, then Arabic would use a verb, such as كانت for was (depending on the subject).

In Arabic, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• البلاطة = the tile
• الخزفية = ceramic

Together:

• البلاطة الخزفية = the ceramic tile

This is the normal Arabic order:

• noun + adjective

whereas in English it is usually:

• adjective + noun

So Arabic says something closer to the tile ceramic.

Because Arabic adjectives usually match the noun they describe in definiteness.

Here, البلاطة is definite because it has الـ (the), so the adjective must also be definite:

• البلاطة = the tile
• الخزفية = the ceramic

Together, that gives the natural meaning:

• the ceramic tile

If the noun were indefinite, the adjective would also be indefinite:

• بلاطة خزفية = a ceramic tile

So the noun and adjective normally agree in:

• definiteness
• gender
• number
• case

Because it is a feminine adjective, agreeing with البلاطة, which is a feminine noun.

• بلاطة is feminine
• so the adjective must also be feminine
• خزفي = ceramic (masculine)
• خزفية = ceramic (feminine)

Since البلاطة is feminine, Arabic uses:

• الخزفية

not

• الخزفي

This is part of adjective agreement in Arabic.

Here قرب means near or close to.

So:

• قرب المزهرية = near the vase

In this sentence, قرب is functioning as a word of location.

A learner may also see other expressions for near, especially:

• بالقرب من = near / close to

So these are similar in meaning:

• البلاطة الخزفية قرب المزهرية
• البلاطة الخزفية بالقرب من المزهرية

The first is shorter and more direct.

Because قرب is followed by the thing something is near.

So:

• قرب المزهرية = near the vase

Arabic puts the location expression first, then the noun that completes it.

Also, after قرب, the following noun is treated grammatically in a way that corresponds to the genitive sense, so in fully vowelled Arabic you would write:

• قربَ المزهريةِ

The final vowel is often not written in normal everyday text, but it is there in full grammar.

Not exactly in the same sense as a normal noun-to-noun possession phrase like:

• باب البيت = the door of the house

Here, قرب is more like a word of place/location meaning near. It is followed by a noun in the genitive:

• قربَ المزهريةِ

So while it can look structurally similar to an iḍāfa-type connection, learners usually understand it best here as a location expression:
near the vase.

A fully vowelled version can be written as:

• البِلاطَةُ الخَزَفِيَّةُ قُرْبَ المِزْهَرِيَّةِ

A careful pronunciation would be approximately:

• al-bilaaṭatu al-khazafiyyatu qurb(a) al-mizhariyyati

If you pause at the end of the sentence, the last case ending is usually not pronounced, so it will sound more like:

• al-bilaaṭatu al-khazafiyyatu qurb al-mizhariyyah

In normal speech, many final short vowels are reduced or dropped in pause.

Because it means the vase, not a vase.

• مزهرية = a vase
• المزهرية = the vase

So:

• قرب مزهرية = near a vase
• قرب المزهرية = near the vase

Arabic marks definiteness directly on the noun with الـ.

Yes. In Arabic, this is a completely normal and complete sentence.

Its parts are:

• البلاطة الخزفية = the ceramic tile
• قرب المزهرية = near the vase

So the whole sentence is a standard present-tense statement:

• The ceramic tile is near the vase.

Arabic does not need to insert is here for the sentence to be grammatical.

You can tell from the grammar and the meaning.

It follows the noun:

• البلاطة

and it matches it in:

• definiteness
• gender

That pattern strongly signals that it is an adjective describing the noun.

So:

• البلاطة الخزفية = the ceramic tile

not two unrelated nouns.

If Arabic wanted a different kind of noun-noun relationship, it would often use an iḍāfa structure instead.

It would be:

• بلاطة خزفية قرب مزهرية

meaning:

• A ceramic tile is near a vase

Notice that the الـ disappears from both the noun and the adjective:

• البلاطة الخزفية = the ceramic tile
• بلاطة خزفية = a ceramic tile

And:

• المزهرية = the vase
• مزهرية = a vase

In fully vowelled Arabic, the indefinite forms would usually also show tanwīn, though that is often omitted in ordinary writing.

Yes, but the original order is very natural.

Original:

• البلاطة الخزفية قرب المزهرية

This begins with the thing being talked about, then gives its location.

You may also encounter other wordings, especially with different location phrases, but this version is straightforward and idiomatic for a simple descriptive sentence.

For a learner, it is best to understand the pattern as:

• [noun phrase] + [location phrase]

For example:

• الكتاب على الطاولة = The book is on the table.
• البلاطة الخزفية قرب المزهرية = The ceramic tile is near the vase.