تشمل ميزانية الأسرة تكاليف كبيرة.

Yes. Arabic often uses verb–subject–object order, especially in formal written Arabic.

So:

• تشمل = includes
• ميزانية الأسرة = the family budget
• تكاليف كبيرة = large costs / major expenses

A very natural literal order is:

• Includes the family budget large costs

In smoother English, that becomes The family budget includes large costs or more naturally The family budget includes major expenses.

You could also say:

• ميزانية الأسرة تشمل تكاليف كبيرة

This is also correct, but it puts the subject first and can feel slightly more emphatic.

تشمل is the present/imperfect tense form of the verb شَمِلَ or يَشْمَلُ, meaning to include, to comprise, or to encompass.

Here, تشمل is:

• 3rd person
• feminine
• singular

So it means she includes or it includes, depending on context.

In this sentence, it refers to ميزانية (budget), which is a feminine singular noun, so the verb is feminine singular too.

Because the subject, ميزانية (budget), is grammatically feminine.

Many Arabic nouns ending in ـة are feminine, and ميزانية is one of them.

So:

• تشمل = feminine singular includes
• يشمل = masculine singular includes

Since the subject is ميزانية, Arabic uses تشمل, not يشمل.

This is an iḍāfa construction, often translated as X of Y.

• ميزانية الأسرة = the budget of the family = the family budget

In an iḍāfa:

1. The first noun usually does not take ال
2. The second noun shows definiteness

So:

• ميزانية الأسرة = the family budget
• not الميزانية الأسرة

Because الأسرة is definite (the family), the whole phrase ميزانية الأسرة becomes definite.

الأسرة means the family and is the second part of the iḍāfa.

So:

• ميزانية = budget
• الأسرة = the family

Together:

• ميزانية الأسرة = the family’s budget / the budget of the family

Also, because it is the second noun in an iḍāfa, الأسرة is in the genitive role grammatically.

تكاليف is a plural noun. It is the broken plural of تكلفة (cost, expense).

So:

• تكلفة = a cost / an expense
• تكاليف = costs / expenses

In this sentence, it is the object of the verb:

• تشمل ... تكاليف كبيرة
• includes ... large costs

This is a very common Arabic pattern and an important one to learn.

تكاليف is a non-human plural noun. In Modern Standard Arabic, non-human plurals are very often treated grammatically like feminine singular when adjectives agree with them.

So:

• تكاليف = costs (plural, non-human)
• كبيرة = big/large/significant (feminine singular)

That is why Arabic says:

• تكاليف كبيرة

rather than a fully plural adjective.

This is normal Arabic grammar, not a mistake.

Compare:

• كتب جديدة = new books
  (كتب is plural non-human, جديدة is feminine singular)

But with humans, you usually get true plural agreement:

• طلاب كبار = older/big students

Literally, كبيرة means big or large. But with things like costs, expenses, or problems, English often uses more natural words such as:

• large
• high
• significant
• major

So تكاليف كبيرة could be understood as:

• large costs
• high expenses
• major expenses
• significant costs

The best translation depends on context.

In fully vocalized formal Arabic, you could write:

تَشْمَلُ مِيزَانِيَّةُ الأُسْرَةِ تَكَالِيفَ كَبِيرَةً

Here is why:

• تَشْمَلُ → verb in the indicative
• مِيزَانِيَّةُ → subject, so nominative
• الأُسْرَةِ → second term of iḍāfa, so genitive
• تَكَالِيفَ → object, so accusative
• كَبِيرَةً → adjective matching the object, also accusative

A slightly advanced note: تكاليف is a type of broken plural that is often treated as diptote, so it does not take tanwīn here.

A careful formal pronunciation is:

tashmalu mīzāniyyatu l-usrati takālīfa kabīratan

A simpler learner-friendly pronunciation is:

tashmal mīzāniyyat al-usra takālīf kabīra

A few notes:

• تشمل = tashmal
• ميزانية = mīzāniyya
• الأسرة = al-usra
• تكاليف = takālīf
• كبيرة = kabīra

In normal pause pronunciation, final case endings are often not fully pronounced.

Yes, often you can.

Depending on context, ميزانية الأسرة can mean:

• the family budget
• the household budget

Both are natural in English. Household budget may sound a bit more idiomatic in financial or economic contexts, while family budget is more direct and literal.