يعتذر الولد في الرسالة.

A common full reading is yaʿtadhiru al-waladu fī ar-risālati.

If you stop at the end, the final short vowel is usually not pronounced, so you will often hear ... fī ar-risālah.

Also, الرسالة is pronounced ar-risālah, not al-risālah, because ر is a sun letter.

يعتذر is an imperfect verb, which in this kind of sentence usually gives a present-time meaning.

It is:

• 3rd person
• masculine
• singular

So it means he apologizes or he is apologizing, and sometimes he will apologize if the context points to the future.

It matches الولد because الولد is masculine singular.

This is a very normal Arabic word order for a verbal sentence.

Arabic often uses:

verb + subject + other information

So يعتذر الولد في الرسالة is completely natural in MSA.

English usually prefers subject + verb, but Arabic often puts the action first.

Because in a verbal sentence, the subject commonly comes after the verb.

So in يعتذر الولد, الولد is still the subject even though it comes second.

You can also say الولد يعتذر في الرسالة. That is also correct, but it sounds a bit more like you are putting focus on the boy as the topic.

If fully vocalized, the sentence is:

يعتذرُ الولدُ في الرسالةِ

Here is why:

• يعتذرُ ends in -u because it is in the indicative mood.
• الولدُ ends in -u because it is the subject, so it is nominative.
• الرسالةِ ends in -i because it comes after the preposition في, so it is genitive.

In normal Arabic writing, these short vowels are usually left out.

Because ر is a sun letter.

With sun letters, the ل of ال is not pronounced. Instead, the next consonant is doubled in pronunciation.

So:

• written: الرسالة
• pronounced: ar-risālah

In fully vocalized writing, you may see a shadda on the ر to show this doubling.

It literally means in the letter or in the message.

It tells you the setting or medium of the apology: the apology appears in that letter/message.

It does not mean for the letter. If you wanted for/about, Arabic would normally use a different preposition, often عن.

Not necessarily.

Arabic can simply say:

يعتذر الولد = The boy apologizes

If you want to say what he is apologizing for, Arabic often uses عن:

• يعتذر عن الخطأ = He apologizes for the mistake

If you want to mention the person receiving the apology, Arabic can add that too, but this sentence does not include it.

الـ is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• ولد = a boy
• الولد = the boy

This sentence is talking about a specific boy, not just any boy.

Yes, رسالة is a feminine noun. The ending ـة is a strong clue.

In this sentence, that does not affect the verb, because الرسالة is not the subject.

But it would matter with adjectives or pronouns. For example:

• الرسالة طويلة = The letter is long

Here طويلة is feminine to match الرسالة.

Yes.

In Modern Standard Arabic, رسالة can mean:

• a physical letter
• a written message
• sometimes a broader message depending on context

So the best English translation depends on the situation, not just on the grammar.

Yes, two sounds often need extra attention:

• ع: this has no exact English equivalent; it is a deep throat sound
• ذ: this sounds like the th in this

A rough pronunciation guide is yaʿ-TA-dhi-ru.

You do not need perfect pronunciation immediately, but it helps to notice these sounds early.