صديقي ينقل الأريكة.

Because صديق means friend, and the suffix ـي means my.

So:

• صديق = friend
• صديقي = my friend

This suffix is very common in Arabic:

• كتابي = my book
• بيتي = my house
• اسمي = my name

So صديقي is literally friend-my.

A common pronunciation is:

• ṣadīqī

A rough guide:

• ص = an emphatic s
• دي = dī
• قي = qī

So it sounds roughly like sa-DEE-qee, but with:

• a heavier s for ص
• a deep q sound for ق

ينقل comes from the root ن-ق-ل, which has the general idea of moving, transporting, or transferring.

In this sentence, ينقل means something like:

• moves
• is moving
• is carrying
• transports

Because the object is the sofa, the most natural meaning is is moving/carrying the sofa.

Because the verb itself already includes the subject information.

ينقل means he moves / he is moving.

So Arabic often does not need a separate pronoun like هو (he).
If you added هو, it would usually be for emphasis:

• هو ينقل الأريكة = He is moving the sofa

But in normal sentences, the verb form often makes the subject clear enough.

It can be either, depending on context.

The Arabic imperfect tense often covers both:

• he moves
• he is moving
• he carries
• he is carrying

So صديقي ينقل الأريكة could mean:

• My friend moves the sofa
• My friend is moving the sofa

In real use, context tells you which one is meant.

Because it has the definite article الـ, which means the.

So:

• أريكة = a sofa / sofa
• الأريكة = the sofa

This works like many other Arabic nouns:

• كتاب = a book
• الكتاب = the book

So الأريكة specifically means the sofa.

A common pronunciation is:

• al-ʾarīkah

Roughly:

• ال = al
• أ = a glottal stop, like a quick catch in the throat
• ري = rī
• كة = kah

So you can think of it roughly as al-a-REE-ka, with a clear break at the hamza.

Arabic allows more than one word order.

This sentence uses:

• Subject – Verb – Object
• صديقي ينقل الأريكة
• My friend is moving the sofa

But Arabic also very commonly uses:

• Verb – Subject – Object
• ينقل صديقي الأريكة

Both are possible in Modern Standard Arabic.

Very roughly:

• ينقل صديقي الأريكة can sound a bit more neutral or narrative
• صديقي ينقل الأريكة can put a little more focus on my friend

For a learner, both are worth recognizing.

In fully vocalized MSA, you would commonly see:

• صديقي يَنْقُلُ الأريكةَ

Important points:

• يَنْقُلُ ends in ـُ because it is in the indicative mood
• الأريكةَ ends in ـَ because it is the direct object

With صديقي, the case is not shown in the usual simple way because of the my suffix ـي. So learners usually just memorize it as صديقي.

In normal everyday Arabic writing, these short vowel endings are usually not written, which is why you see:

• صديقي ينقل الأريكة

Yes. The root ن-ق-ل is quite broad.

It can be used for:

• moving furniture
• transporting goods
• transferring something from one place to another
• transmitting information
• quoting or relaying speech

But in this sentence, because the object is الأريكة (the sofa), the physical meaning is clearly intended.

You would change both the noun and the verb:

• صديقتي تنقل الأريكة

This means My female friend is moving the sofa.

Changes:

• صديقي = my male friend
• صديقتي = my female friend
• ينقل = he moves
• تنقل = she moves

So the verb must match the subject’s gender.

Very literally, it is:

• صديقي = my friend
• ينقل = he moves / is moving
• الأريكة = the sofa

So the structure is:

• My friend + is moving + the sofa

A very literal gloss would be:

• my-friend moves the-sofa

This is a good example of a simple Arabic sentence with:

• a possessed noun (صديقي)
• an imperfect verb (ينقل)
• a definite direct object (الأريكة)