أصلح المصابيح الخلفية قبل الموعد وأتحقق من عجلة القيادة.

Because the verbs already show the subject.

Both أصلح and أتحقق are in the first-person singular form, so Arabic already tells you that the subject is I. The prefix أ- on each verb is the clue.

So:

• أصلح = I repair / I fix
• أتحقق = I check / I make sure

You could add أنا for emphasis, but it is not necessary:

• أنا أصلح... = I repair...

Without أنا, the sentence is still completely normal.

They are in the imperfect verb form.

In Modern Standard Arabic, the imperfect can express:

• the present: I repair / I check
• a habitual action: I usually repair / I check
• sometimes the future, depending on context

So this sentence can naturally mean something like:

• I repair the rear lights before the appointment and check the steering wheel
• or I am repairing... and checking..., depending on context

If Arabic wanted to make the future especially clear, it could use سـ or سوف.

أصلح means I repair, I fix, or I put in good condition.

It comes from the verb أصلحَ.

A few related forms:

• أصلحَ = he repaired / fixed
• أصلحُ = I repair / fix
• إصلاح = repairing / repair

In this sentence, it means fixing the lights.

المصابيح is plural.

Its singular is مصباح, which usually means lamp, light, or light fixture.

So:

• مصباح = a lamp / a light
• المصابيح = the lamps / the lights

This is a broken plural, which means the plural is formed by changing the internal pattern of the word rather than just adding a regular ending.

In this sentence, المصابيح الخلفية most naturally means the rear lights or the taillights.

This is a very common Arabic grammar point.

Although المصابيح is plural, it is a non-human plural. In Modern Standard Arabic, non-human plurals are very often treated grammatically like singular feminine nouns when adjectives refer to them.

So:

• المصابيح = plural in meaning
• الخلفية = singular feminine adjective form

That is why المصابيح الخلفية is correct.

Literally, the grammar behaves a bit like:

• the lights, the rear one(s)

But in natural English, you just translate it as the rear lights.

الخلفية means rear, back, or rear-side here.

It comes from خلف, which is related to the idea of behind or back.

So:

• المصابيح الخلفية = the rear lights
• in a car context, this often means taillights

Do not confuse this with another common meaning of خلفية in other contexts, where it can also mean background.

قبل means before, and الموعد means the appointment, the scheduled time, or the موعد/date/time arranged.

So قبل الموعد means:

• before the appointment
• before the scheduled time
• sometimes before the deadline, depending on context

A useful note: the word after قبل is in the genitive case in fully marked Arabic.

Fully vocalized, this part would be:

• قبلَ الموعدِ

The و simply means and.

It connects the two actions:

• أصلح المصابيح الخلفية
• وأتحقق من عجلة القيادة

So the speaker is saying they do both actions:

• I repair the rear lights and check the steering wheel

Depending on context, و can just join actions, and sometimes it also implies a loose sequence, especially if the meaning suggests one thing happens after the other.

Because the verb تحقق من is the normal expression for to check, to verify, or to make sure of something.

So:

• أتحقق من عجلة القيادة = I check the steering wheel
• more literally: I make sure of the steering wheel / I verify the condition of the steering wheel

This is a verb-preposition combination you should learn as a unit:

• تحقق من = check / verify / make sure of

Many Arabic verbs naturally go with specific prepositions, just as English does.

This is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive construction or noun + of + noun structure.

Literally:

• عجلة = wheel
• القيادة = driving / steering

So:

• عجلة القيادة = wheel of steering/driving

In natural English, that becomes:

• the steering wheel

This kind of construction is extremely common in Arabic.

Because that is how iḍāfa works.

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take ال
• the second noun can make the whole phrase definite

So:

• عجلة قيادة = a steering wheel / wheel of driving
• عجلة القيادة = the steering wheel

Even though عجلة has no ال, the whole phrase is definite because القيادة is definite.

If fully vowelled in formal grammar, the sentence would be:

أصلحُ المصابيحَ الخلفيةَ قبلَ الموعدِ وأتحققُ من عجلةِ القيادةِ.

Here is why:

• أصلحُ: verb in the imperfect, ending with ـُ
• المصابيحَ: direct object, so accusative
• الخلفيةَ: adjective matching المصابيح grammatically, also accusative
• قبلَ: adverb/preposition-like word
• الموعدِ: after قبل, so genitive
• أتحققُ: imperfect verb
• من: preposition
• عجلةِ: after من, so genitive
• القيادةِ: second part of iḍāfa, also genitive

In normal everyday writing, these short vowel endings are usually omitted.

A careful pronunciation is roughly:

uṣliḥu al-maṣābīḥa al-khalfiyyata qabla al-mawʿidi wa-ataḥaqqaqu min ʿajalati al-qiyādati

A simpler learner-friendly approximation is:

uslihu al-masaabeeha al-khalfiyya qabla al-maw'id wa atahaqqaqu min 'ajalat al-qiyaada

A few notes:

• ص is a heavier emphatic s
• ح is a strong breathy h
• ع is a consonant English does not have
• ق in MSA is a deep q sound

It could be either, depending on context.

Because the verbs are in the imperfect, the sentence might mean:

• a routine: I repair the rear lights before the appointment and check the steering wheel
• a current or planned action: I’m repairing the rear lights before the appointment and checking the steering wheel

Arabic often leaves this kind of time interpretation to context unless a time marker makes it more specific.