المدير يشرح المهمة.

A fully vocalized version is:

اَلْمُدِيرُ يَشْرَحُ الْمُهِمَّةَ

A careful transliteration is:

al-mudīru yashraḥu al-muhimmata

In everyday reading, short vowels are usually omitted in writing, so you normally see:

المدير يشرح المهمة

If you pause at the end, the last word is often pronounced more like:

al-muhimmah

rather than fully inflected al-muhimmata.

Because الـ is the Arabic definite article, meaning the.

So:

• مدير = a manager / manager
• المدير = the manager
• مهمة = a task / task
• المهمة = the task

Arabic uses الـ directly attached to the noun, not as a separate word like English the.

يشرح means he explains or he is explaining, depending on context.

Its basic dictionary form is the past-tense verb:

شَرَحَ = he explained

This verb comes from the root:

ش-ر-ح

That root is connected with meanings like explaining, clarifying, or expounding.

So:

• شَرَحَ = he explained
• يَشْرَحُ = he explains / he is explaining

The يـ is one of the markers of the Arabic imperfect verb, which often corresponds to the present or future.

In this sentence, يشرح is:

• 3rd person
• masculine
• singular

So it matches المدير = the manager, which is masculine singular.

Very roughly:

• يشرح = he explains
• تشرح = she explains or sometimes you explain depending on context
• أشرح = I explain
• نشرح = we explain

It can mean either one.

In Modern Standard Arabic, the imperfect tense often covers both:

• he explains
• he is explaining

The exact meaning depends on context.

So المدير يشرح المهمة could mean:

• The manager explains the task
• The manager is explaining the task

If you want to force a more clearly progressive meaning, Arabic can use extra wording, but very often the simple imperfect is enough.

Yes. Arabic can use both orders.

You can say:

• المدير يشرح المهمة
• يشرح المدير المهمة

Both are correct and very close in meaning.

A simple way to think about it:

• المدير يشرح المهمة puts the subject first: The manager explains the task
• يشرح المدير المهمة starts with the verb: Explains the manager the task structurally, though in natural English it still means The manager explains the task

In Arabic grammar, verb-first order is very common, but subject-first order is also common and often feels a bit more topic-focused, like As for the manager, he explains the task.

In full formal Arabic, the endings are:

• المديرُ = nominative, because it is the subject
• يشرحُ = indicative imperfect verb
• المهمةَ = accusative, because it is the direct object

So the fully inflected sentence is:

اَلْمُدِيرُ يَشْرَحُ الْمُهِمَّةَ

These final short vowels are often not written in normal Arabic text, and in many real-life situations they are not fully pronounced either, especially in pause.

The final ة is called tāʾ marbūṭa.

It often marks a feminine noun. Here, مهمة is a feminine noun meaning task, assignment, or mission, depending on context.

How it is pronounced:

• In pause, it usually sounds like -ah:
  مهمة → muhimmah
• When case endings are fully pronounced, it sounds like t before the vowel ending:
  المهمةَ → al-muhimmata

So yes, sometimes it sounds like h, and sometimes like t, depending on how the word is being read.

The letter ح is not the normal English h.

It is a voiceless pharyngeal fricative, a deeper, breathier sound produced farther back in the throat.

Compare:

• ه = a lighter h
• ح = a stronger, deeper ḥ

So يشرح is better approximated as:

yashraḥ

not just a plain English yashrah.

This is an important distinction in Arabic, because ه and ح are different letters.

Yes. In both المدير and المهمة, the الـ is pronounced clearly as al-.

That is because م is a moon letter, not a sun letter.

So you say:

• al-mudīr
• al-muhimmah

If the next letter were a sun letter, the l sound would assimilate. But here it does not.

No separate word is needed here.

Arabic does not use a present-tense is/am/are in ordinary sentences like this.

English says:

• The manager is explaining the task

Arabic simply says:

• المدير يشرح المهمة

The verb يشرح already carries the present meaning, so no extra word for is is necessary.

If the subject were feminine singular, the verb would change accordingly:

• المديرة تشرح المهمة
  The female manager explains the task

If the subject were masculine plural and came first:

• المديرون يشرحون المهمة
  The managers explain the task

A useful point: in formal Arabic, if the verb comes before a plural subject, the verb is often singular:

• يشرح المديرون المهمة

But if the subject comes first, full agreement is used:

• المديرون يشرحون المهمة

Yes.

Since مهمة is a feminine singular noun, the object pronoun it would be ها.

So:

• المدير يشرحها = The manager explains it

This is very common in Arabic. Object pronouns are usually attached directly to the verb.

So you can compare:

• يشرح المهمة = he explains the task
• يشرحها = he explains it