Learn Hardcore Arabic (Modern Standard): يجب على المستأجر أن يجدد عقد الإيجار قبل أن ينتهي. - The tenant must renew the rental agreement before it expires.

Breakdown of يجب على المستأجر أن يجدد عقد الإيجار قبل أن ينتهي.

Why does the sentence use يجب على المستأجر instead of just putting المستأجر directly after يجب?

Because يجب is often used as an impersonal expression meaning it is necessary or it is obligatory.

So:

The preposition على is very common here to mark the person who has the obligation.

So يجب المستأجر would not be the normal way to say this.

What is the purpose of أن before يجدد?

أن introduces a following verb clause, similar to to in English in structures like must renew / to renew.

After أن, the present-tense verb goes into the subjunctive mood.

So:

In fully vowelled Arabic, it would be:

The final -a sound shows the subjunctive, but in normal unvowelled writing you usually do not see that ending.

Why is يجدد translated as renew? What kind of verb is it?