الاستاذة بتدرس اختي عربي بالجامعة.

الأستاذة means the female teacher, the professor, or sometimes the female instructor, depending on context.

The final ة is the feminine ending, called taa marbuuTa.

• الأستاذ = the male teacher / professor
• الأستاذة = the female teacher / professor

In Levantine pronunciation, that final ة is usually heard more like -e in pause, so it often sounds like ostāze.

In Levantine, بتدرس here is understood as بتدرّس = she teaches.

A simple breakdown is:

• بـ = present / habitual marker in Levantine
• تـ = imperfect prefix; here it matches she
• درّس = the stem meaning teach

So the whole verb means something like she teaches or she is teaching, depending on context.

Yes, that is a very common source of confusion for learners.

In informal Arabic writing, short vowels and the shadda are often left out. Because of that, بتدرس can represent different spoken forms, including:

• she studies
• she teaches

Here, because the meaning is already known and the sentence has my sister Arabic after the verb, the intended reading is she teaches.

Because this is normal in Levantine Arabic. Everyday Levantine often prefers subject–verb–object order:

• الأستاذة بتدرس... = The teacher teaches...

In more formal Arabic, starting with the verb is also common:

• تدرّس الأستاذة...

But in spoken Levantine, beginning with the subject sounds very natural.

Because the suffix -ي means my, and a possessed noun is already definite.

So:

• أخت = sister
• أختي = my sister

You do not need ال with it. In Arabic, my sister is automatically definite.

Because the verb درّس can take two objects in Arabic, just like teach in English:

• teach someone something

So:

• بتدرّس أختي عربي = she teaches my sister Arabic

There is no extra preposition needed before my sister or Arabic.

In colloquial Levantine, school subjects and languages are often expressed with a bare noun like عربي, especially in everyday speech.

So:

• عربي = Arabic / Arabic class
• العربية is more formal and more typical of Standard Arabic

Both can make sense, but عربي sounds very natural in spoken Levantine.

It literally means at the university or in the university.

It is made of:

• بـ = in / at / with
• الجامعة = the university

So:

• بالجامعة = at the university

In Levantine, بـ is very commonly used for location, often where English would use in or at.

Because in Levantine Arabic, بـ is extremely common for location in everyday speech.

So both of these can express location:

• بالجامعة
• في الجامعة

But بالجامعة sounds especially natural in colloquial Levantine. A learner will hear بـ used this way all the time.

One broad Levantine-style pronunciation would be:

l-ostāze btedarris ekhti ʿarabi bel-jāmʿa

There is regional variation, so you may also hear slightly different vowels, such as ukhti instead of ekhti, or bil- instead of bel-. The main thing is that the sentence is clearly colloquial rather than fully formal Standard Arabic.

A more formal version would typically be:

الأستاذة تُدَرِّس أختي العربية في الجامعة.

Main differences:

• no Levantine present marker بـ
• في is more typical in formal Arabic than colloquial بـ
• العربية is more formal than colloquial عربي
• the verb is clearly written as تُدَرِّس to show teach

So the original sentence is clearly natural spoken Levantine, while this version is closer to Modern Standard Arabic.