القلم الازرق على الطاولة.

Because in Arabic, adjectives normally come after the noun they describe.

So Arabic says the equivalent of:

• the pen blue instead of
• the blue pen

Here:

• القلم = the pen
• الأزرق = the blue

This noun + adjective order is normal in both Standard Arabic and Levantine.

Because the adjective has to match the noun in definiteness.

Since القلم is definite (the pen), the adjective must also be definite:

• القلم الأزرق = the blue pen

If the noun were indefinite, the adjective would also be indefinite:

• قلم أزرق = a blue pen

So in Arabic, if the noun has الـ, the adjective usually does too.

In Arabic, present-tense sentences like this usually do not use a separate word for is / are.

So:

• القلم الأزرق على الطاولة literally looks like
• the blue pen on the table

But it naturally means:

• The blue pen is on the table

This is very normal in Arabic. In the present tense, the to be verb is usually omitted.

It is perfectly understandable in Levantine, but it looks a bit closer to Standard Arabic spelling/style.

In everyday Levantine, people would very often say:

• القلم الأزرق عالطاولة

instead of the fuller:

• القلم الأزرق على الطاولة

Both are understood, but عالطاولة is especially common in speech.

So the sentence is fine, but a more conversational Levantine version is often:

• القلم الأزرق عالطاولة

A common Levantine pronunciation would be something like:

• il-ʔalam il-ʔazraʔ ʕaṭ-ṭāwle or
• el-ʔalam el-ʔazraʔ ʕaṭ-ṭāwle

A few notes:

• الـ is often pronounced il- or el-
• ق is often pronounced as a glottal stop (ʔ) in many urban Levantine accents
• على is often shortened in speech to عَ or عا
• الطاولة is commonly pronounced ṭ-ṭāwle after that contraction

Pronunciation varies by country, city, and speaker, so you may hear slightly different versions.

Because على means on, while في means in.

So:

• على الطاولة = on the table
• في الطاولة would mean in the table, which usually does not fit the situation

If the pen is resting on the surface, على is the correct preposition.

This is because ط is a sun letter.

When الـ comes before a sun letter, the l sound of الـ is not pronounced. Instead, the next consonant is doubled.

So:

• الطاولة is written with ال but pronounced roughly as
• aṭ-ṭāwle or iṭ-ṭāwle depending on the context

That is why in speech you hear something like:

• عَ الطاولة
• عالطاولة
• عَطّاولة / ʕaṭ-ṭāwle

The spelling stays the same, but the pronunciation changes.

Yes. The adjective must agree with the noun in gender and number.

Here, قلم is masculine singular, so the adjective is:

• أزرق

If the noun were feminine, the adjective would change. In Levantine, for example:

• الطاولة الزرقا = the blue table

In more formal Standard Arabic, the feminine form is:

• زرقاء

So yes, the color adjective changes to match the noun.

No, not in Levantine.

In everyday Levantine speech, you do not use the case endings found in fully formal Standard Arabic.

So a Levantine learner can comfortably use:

• القلم الأزرق على الطاولة or
• القلم الأزرق عالطاولة

without adding formal endings.

In fully inflected Standard Arabic, you might see something like:

• القلمُ الأزرقُ على الطاولةِ

But in Levantine, those final vowels are normally not pronounced.

In standard spelling, it should be:

• الأزرق

with a hamza on the alif.

However, in casual typing, many native speakers leave hamzas out, so you may often see:

• الازرق

This is very common informally, but if you are writing carefully or studying, it is better to learn and use:

• الأزرق

Yes. In Levantine, this is very common.

على + الـ often becomes عالـ in writing and speech:

• على الطاولة
• عالطاولة

Both represent the same basic idea, but عالطاولة feels more colloquial and natural in Levantine conversation.

So a very natural Levantine version is:

• القلم الأزرق عالطاولة

Yes, but the original order is the most straightforward.

The basic sentence:

• القلم الأزرق على الطاولة

is the normal way to say it.

You may also hear different word orders for emphasis, especially in speech, but for a learner, the safest pattern is:

• noun + adjective + location

So this sentence is a very good model to copy:

• القلم الأزرق على الطاولة
• الكتاب الكبير عالكرسي
• الموبايل الجديد عالسرير

It is a common and useful pattern in Levantine.