البصل والثوم على الترابيزة جنب الزيت والملح.

In Arabic writing, the conjunction و meaning and is normally written attached to the following word.

So:

• والثوم = و + الثوم
• والملح = و + الملح

It is not part of the noun itself; it is just the written form of and.

Because Egyptian Arabic usually leaves out the verb to be in the present tense.

So a sentence like this is very normal without any word for is/are:

• البصل والثوم على الترابيزة
• literally: the onion and the garlic on the table

This is how Arabic says The onion and garlic are on the table in the present.

If you wanted the past, you would add a form of كان:

• كانوا على الترابيزة = they were on the table

Arabic usually marks each definite noun separately.

So:

• البصل والثوم = the onion/onions and the garlic
• الزيت والملح = the oil and the salt

This is different from English, where the does not have to be repeated before every noun.

على means on or on top of.

In this sentence, it introduces the first location:

• على الترابيزة = on the table

In everyday Egyptian speech, على is often pronounced in a reduced way, especially before الـ, so you may hear something like عَ الترابيزة in fast speech.

جنب means next to, beside, or by.

Here:

• جنب الزيت والملح = next to the oil and the salt

So the sentence gives a more exact location:

• first: on the table
• then more specifically: next to the oil and salt

In Egyptian Arabic, جنب is very common in everyday speech.

That is a normal Egyptian pronunciation.

In Egyptian Arabic:

• ج is usually pronounced like a hard g
• short vowels can also sound a little different from what a learner expects from the spelling

So جنب is often heard as gamb in everyday Egyptian speech, even though it is written جنب.

Because الترابيزة is a very common Egyptian Arabic word for table.

A learner should know that:

• الترابيزة sounds strongly Egyptian and colloquial
• الطاولة is also widely understood
• المائدة is more formal and less everyday in this kind of sentence

So this sentence sounds natural in Egyptian speech because of الترابيزة.

Because ت is a sun letter.

The Arabic definite article الـ is written the same way, but its l sound changes before sun letters. With ت, the l assimilates, so:

• الترابيزة is pronounced roughly et-tarabeeza

The spelling does not change, but the pronunciation does.

They look singular, but words like these often function like mass nouns or collective nouns.

So:

• البصل can mean onion or onions depending on context
• الثوم usually works like garlic in English

That is why this sentence sounds natural even without a separate plural form.

Arabic often gives location in layers, from general to more specific.

Here the order is:

1. على الترابيزة = the general location
2. جنب الزيت والملح = the more specific spot within that location

So the sentence naturally builds the picture:

• they are on the table
• specifically, next to the oil and salt

Other word orders are possible in conversation, but this one is very natural.

Yes. بجانب also means next to/beside.

The difference is mainly style:

• جنب = very common, everyday Egyptian
• بجانب = a bit more formal or more neutral

So both are understandable, but جنب fits spoken Egyptian especially well.

Mostly yes, but it sounds Egyptian.

Words like these are widely understandable:

• البصل
• الثوم
• الزيت
• الملح
• جنب

The most strongly Egyptian word here is الترابيزة. Many non-Egyptian speakers will still understand it from exposure, but a more widely standard version would be:

• البصل والثوم على الطاولة بجانب الزيت والملح

So the sentence is very natural Egyptian Arabic, even if not fully Standard Arabic.