Questions & Answers about Er ruft laut.
How would I say "He shouted loudly" in the Perfekt tense?
You would say Er hat laut gerufen. The verb rufen (to call/shout) is irregular (a strong verb). Its past participle adds ge- to the front and ends in -en instead of -t, making it gerufen.
Doesn't rufen usually mean "to call"? Why is it translated as "shouts" here?
Yes, rufen generally means "to call" (like calling out to someone with your voice, not calling on the phone). When combined with laut (loud or loudly), it means to call out loudly, which we usually translate as "shouting" in English.
Why doesn't laut have an ending to show it means "loudly" instead of "loud"?
In German, the exact same word is used for both the adjective (describing a noun) and the adverb (describing an action). While English adds "-ly" to turn "loud" into "loudly", German just uses the base word laut for both.
If rufen means to call out, how do I say "to call on the phone"?
To call someone on the telephone, you use the separable verb anrufen. For example, "He is calling (on the phone)" would be Er ruft an. To say he called on the phone in the Perfekt tense, it becomes Er hat angerufen.
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