Usages of es
Wie geht es dir?
How are you?
informal
Wie geht es Ihnen?
How are you? polite
Mir geht es gut.
I am fine.
Mir geht es schlecht.
I am unwell.
Means I am not doing fine.
Mir ist schlecht would mean I feel like vomiting.
Geht es dir gut?
Are you doing well?
By starting with the verb we can turn a normal sentence into a yes/no question:
Es geht dir gut = You are doing well
Geht es dir gut? = Are you doing well?
Es geht dir gut = You are doing well
Geht es dir gut? = Are you doing well?
Geht es Ihnen gut?
Are you well? polite
Danke, es geht mir gut.
Thank you, I am doing fine.
Nein, es geht mir nicht so gut.
No, I am not very well.
Es ist sogar sehr klein.
It is even very small.
Es ist sogar sehr alt.
It is even very old.
Nein
Ja
Sogar
Mann
..., es geht mir nicht so gut.
Mir geht es nicht gut. Mir geht es sehr schlecht.
I don't feel well. I feel very bad.
Es geht mir sogar sehr gut.
I am even very well.
Es ist sogar sehr glücklich.
It is even very happy.
Es geht mir gut.
I am fine.
Es ist jeden Tag das Gleiche.
Itdas Mittagessen is the same every day.
Es schmeckt nicht.
It does not taste good.
Genug! Es reicht!
Enough ! (It's enough!)
Both expressions mean the same. You can use either, or both together.
Er weiß es.
He knows it.
Er weiß es und er ist unglücklich.
He knows it and he is unhappy.
Es ist ein kleines Café.
It is a small coffee shop.
Er hofft es.
He hopes so
Er hofft es sogar sehr.
He hopes very much for it.
Er hofft es.
He hopes so.
Er wünscht es sich.
He wishes for it.
Er wünscht es sich so sehr.
He wishes so madly for it.
Er wünscht es sich so sehr.
He madly wishes for it.
Test yourself: What does es mean?
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“How do German cases work?”
German has four grammatical cases: nominative (subject), accusative (direct object), dative (indirect object), and genitive (possession). The case determines the form of articles and adjectives. For example, "the dog" is "der Hund" as a subject but "den Hund" as a direct object.
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