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### Conditionals without *wenn*

To express a condition, you can drop the word **wenn** and start the sentence with the conjugated verb.

When you begin a sentence this way, the main clause that follows *also* starts with its conjugated verb, creating a distinct "verb, comma, verb" pattern.

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### Separable verbs

The rules for separable verbs stay the same: the prefix jumps to the end of its clause.

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### Commands and reflexive verbs

If the result of a condition is an instruction, the main clause uses the imperative (command) form right after the comma. For reflexive verbs like **sich festhalten** (to hold on tight), the pronoun sits immediately after the verb.

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### Safety first

Mastering this structure helps you coordinate clearly in an emergency.

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Verb-first conditionals

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
the sailboat	das Segelboot
If the wind is good, the sailboat travels fast.	Ist der Wind gut, fährt das Segelboot schnell.
the sail	das Segel
If we buy the old sailboat, we need a new sail.	Kaufen wir das alte Segelboot, brauchen wir ein neues Segel.
to bring in	einholen
If a storm comes, we bring in the sail immediately.	Kommt ein Sturm, holen wir das Segel sofort ein.
the thunderstorm	das Gewitter
If a thunderstorm comes, we bring in the sail.	Kommt ein Gewitter, holen wir das Segel ein.
to blow	wehen
the cabin	die Kabine
If the cold wind blows, go into the cabin!	Weht der kalte Wind, geht in die Kabine!
If you stay in the cabin, you are safe.	Bleibt ihr in der Kabine, seid ihr sicher.
to capsize	kentern
the life jacket	die Schwimmweste
If we capsize, the life jackets help.	Kentern wir, helfen die Schwimmwesten.
If the sailboat travels too fast, we might capsize.	Fährt das Segelboot zu schnell, kentern wir vielleicht.
If you go outside without a life jacket, it is dangerous.	Geht ihr ohne eine Schwimmweste nach draußen, ist es gefährlich.
the lifebuoy	der Rettungsring
If someone is in the water, we throw the lifebuoy.	Ist jemand im Wasser, werfen wir den Rettungsring.
If someone needs help, throw the lifebuoy!	Braucht jemand Hilfe, werft den Rettungsring!
to hold on tight	sich festhalten
If the wind blows strongly, hold on tight!	Weht der Wind stark, haltet euch gut fest!
If a high wave comes, please hold on tight!	Kommt eine hohe Welle, halten Sie sich bitte fest!
If you see the bad weather, drive back into the port!	Seht ihr das schlechte Wetter, fahrt zurück in den Hafen!
If the thunderstorm comes, we take in the sail.	Kommt das Gewitter, holen wir das Segel ein.