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### Time periods with "während"

Just like *wegen* and *trotz*, several prepositions used to describe time and space strictly require the Genitive case.

To express that something happens "during" a specific time period, use the preposition **während**.

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Notice how the masculine noun *der Urlaub* changes its article to **des** and adds an **-s** to the end of the word (*des Urlaubs*). The feminine noun *die Woche* simply changes its article to **der**.

### Inside boundaries with "innerhalb"

When navigating city zones and districts, you can describe a location as being "within" or "inside of" a physical boundary using **innerhalb**. It follows the exact same Genitive rules.

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### Outside boundaries with "außerhalb"

Conversely, to express that something is located "outside of" a specific area, use the preposition **außerhalb**.

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Spatial and temporal prepositions (während, innerhalb, außerhalb)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
during	während
We are staying here during the vacation.	Wir bleiben während des Urlaubs hier.
During the week, I work in the office.	Während der Woche arbeite ich im Büro.
the district	der Bezirk
During the visit, we saw this district.	Während des Besuchs haben wir diesen Bezirk gesehen.
within	innerhalb
The hotel is located within the district.	Das Hotel liegt innerhalb des Bezirks.
the border	die Grenze
Everything within the border is quiet.	Alles innerhalb der Grenze ist ruhig.
outside of	außerhalb
The airport is located outside the border.	Der Flughafen liegt außerhalb der Grenze.
the suburb	der Vorort
My parents live outside the suburb.	Meine Eltern wohnen außerhalb des Vororts.
the area	das Gebiet
This suburb is a beautiful area.	Dieser Vorort ist ein schönes Gebiet.
The house was built within the area.	Das Haus ist innerhalb des Gebiets gebaut worden.
the construction site	die Baustelle
We park the car outside the construction site.	Wir parken das Auto außerhalb der Baustelle.
Nobody is allowed on the construction site during the repair.	Niemand darf während der Reparatur auf die Baustelle.
the residential area	das Wohngebiet
I know that the park is located within the residential area.	Ich weiß, dass der Park innerhalb des Wohngebiets liegt.
We are talking about the hotel being located outside the residential area.	Wir sprechen darüber, dass das Hotel außerhalb des Wohngebiets liegt.
the neighborhood	das Stadtviertel
There are many restaurants within the neighborhood.	Es gibt viele Restaurants innerhalb des Stadtviertels.
During the trip, we visited the old neighborhood.	Während der Reise haben wir das alte Stadtviertel besichtigt.