Time periods with "während"
Just like wegen and trotz, several prepositions used to describe time and space strictly require the Genitive case.
To express that something happens "during" a specific time period, use the preposition während.
| We are staying here during the vacation. | Wir bleiben während des Urlaubs hier. |
| During the week, I work in the office. | Während der Woche arbeite ich im Büro. |
Notice how the masculine noun der Urlaub changes its article to des and adds an -s to the end of the word (des Urlaubs). The feminine noun die Woche simply changes its article to der.
Inside boundaries with "innerhalb"
When navigating city zones and districts, you can describe a location as being "within" or "inside of" a physical boundary using innerhalb. It follows the exact same Genitive rules.
| The hotel is located within the district. | Das Hotel liegt innerhalb des Bezirks. |
| Everything within the border is quiet. | Alles innerhalb der Grenze ist ruhig. |
Outside boundaries with "außerhalb"
Conversely, to express that something is located "outside of" a specific area, use the preposition außerhalb.
| The airport is located outside the border. | Der Flughafen liegt außerhalb der Grenze. |
| My parents live outside the suburb. | Meine Eltern wohnen außerhalb des Vororts. |
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