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### Plural forms of "sein" (to be)

The verb **sein** (to be) is highly irregular. Notice how **wir** and **sie** share the same form, just like regular verbs.

| Pronoun | Meaning | Form of sein |
| - | - | - |
| **wir** | we are | **sind** |
| **ihr** | you (plural) are | **seid** |
| **sie** | they are | **sind** |

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Plural nouns (like groups of people) take the **sie** form of the verb.

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### Plural forms of "haben" (to have)

The plural forms of **haben** (to have) are regular. They take the standard plural endings (**-en**, **-t**, **-en**).

| Pronoun | Meaning | Form of haben |
| - | - | - |
| **wir** | we have | **haben** |
| **ihr** | you (plural) have | **habt** |
| **sie** | they have | **haben** |

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### Hunger and thirst

In English, you say that you *are* hungry or thirsty. In German, you say that you *have* hunger (**der Hunger**) or thirst (**der Durst**).

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Because of this, it is common to use both **sein** and **haben** in the same sentence when describing how you feel.

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### Asking questions

Form a yes/no question with **sein** or **haben** simply by moving the verb to the beginning of the sentence.

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Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Subordinate clauses for reasons (weil)

Question	Answer
today	heute
We are in Germany today.	Wir sind heute in Deutschland.
happy	glücklich
The people are happy today.	Die Leute sind heute glücklich.
tired	müde
Are you tired?	Seid ihr müde?
the hunger	der Hunger
to be hungry	Hunger haben
Yes, we are tired and hungry.	Ja, wir sind müde und haben Hunger.
Are you hungry?	Habt ihr Hunger?
the thirst	der Durst
to be thirsty	Durst haben
No, but we are thirsty.	Nein, aber wir haben Durst.
the friend	der Freund
We are friends and very happy.	Wir sind Freunde und sehr glücklich.
A friend is coming today.	Ein Freund kommt heute.
the siblings	die Geschwister
Are you siblings?	Seid ihr Geschwister?
Do they have siblings?	Haben sie Geschwister?
ready / finished	fertig
Are we ready now?	Sind wir jetzt fertig?
enough	genug
We are ready, but do you have enough time?	Wir sind fertig, aber habt ihr genug Zeit?
much / a lot	viel
We have a lot of money.	Wir haben viel Geld.
Do we have enough water?	Haben wir genug Wasser?
They drink a lot of coffee together.	Sie trinken zusammen viel Kaffee.
The children are thirsty.	Die Kinder haben Durst.
hungry	hungrig
I am hungry.	Ich bin hungrig.
The children are hungry and tired.	Die Kinder sind hungrig und müde.
thirsty	durstig
We are thirsty.	Wir sind durstig.
I am thirsty and drink water.	Ich bin durstig und trinke Wasser.

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