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### Forming Compound Numbers (21 to 99)

In English, we say the tens first, then the ones (twenty-one). German does the exact opposite: you say the ones, then **und** (and), and finally the tens. The entire number is written together as one single word.

- 21 = **einundzwanzig** (one-and-twenty)
- 34 = **vierunddreißig** (four-and-thirty)

*Note:* The number one is normally **eins**, but it drops the "-s" when forming compound numbers (like **einundzwanzig** or **einundfünfzig**).

Let's see some numbers in action using **das Prozent** (percent).

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### Talking About Weight

To describe how heavy something is, use the adjective **schwer** (heavy) and the verb **wiegen** (to weigh).

For exact measurements, you will use **das Kilo** (kilo) and **das Gramm** (gram). Notice that in German, these standard units of measurement generally do not take a plural ending after numbers.

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### Length and Distance

To describe distance or how long an object is, use the adjective **lang** (long) alongside **der Zentimeter** (centimeter), **der Meter** (meter), or **der Kilometer** (kilometer).

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### Volume

When measuring liquids, use **der Liter** (liter). Just like the other units of measurement, it stays in its singular form even when the number attached to it is greater than one.

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Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Subordinate clauses for reasons (weil)

Question	Answer
the percent	das Prozent
Ninety-nine percent have a cell phone.	Neunundneunzig Prozent haben ein Handy.
Eighty-six percent like eating chocolate.	Sechsundachtzig Prozent essen gern Schokolade.
to weigh	wiegen
the kilo	das Kilo
The suitcase weighs twenty-two kilos.	Der Koffer wiegt zweiundzwanzig Kilo.
We sold thirty-one kilos of tomatoes today.	Wir haben heute einunddreißig Kilo Tomaten verkauft.
the gram	das Gramm
The cake needs fifty-one grams of chocolate.	Die Torte braucht einundfünfzig Gramm Schokolade.
The book is small and weighs thirty-four grams.	Das Buch ist klein und wiegt vierunddreißig Gramm.
How much does the dog weigh?	Wie viel wiegt der Hund?
heavy / severe, serious	schwer
The bed is heavy, it weighs forty-eight kilos.	Das Bett ist schwer, es wiegt achtundvierzig Kilo.
The backpack was very heavy.	Der Rucksack war sehr schwer.
the centimeter	der Zentimeter
long	lang
The table is ninety-eight centimeters long.	Der Tisch ist achtundneunzig Zentimeter lang.
The baby is already seventy-three centimeters tall.	Das Baby ist schon dreiundsiebzig Zentimeter groß.
The film was long, almost three hours.	Der Film war lang, fast drei Stunden.
the kilometer	der Kilometer
The path is forty-five kilometers long.	Der Weg ist fünfundvierzig Kilometer lang.
The radio worked for sixty-seven minutes.	Das Radio hat siebenundsechzig Minuten funktioniert.
the meter	der Meter
The room is twenty-four meters long.	Das Zimmer ist vierundzwanzig Meter lang.
The garden is ninety-seven meters long.	Der Garten ist siebenundneunzig Meter lang.
the liter	der Liter
The restaurant is buying fifty-two liters of wine.	Das Restaurant kauft zweiundfünfzig Liter Wein.
The café needs fifty-eight liters of milk.	Das Café braucht achtundfünfzig Liter Milch.
We are hiking twenty-four kilometers.	Wir wandern vierundzwanzig Kilometer.
how much	wie viel
How much does the book cost?	Wie viel kostet das Buch?
How much water do you drink?	Wie viel Wasser trinkst du?
the euro	der Euro
The book costs ten euros.	Das Buch kostet zehn Euro.
I only have five euros.	Ich habe nur fünf Euro.
more	mehr
I would like more coffee.	Ich möchte mehr Kaffee.
He has more money.	Er hat mehr Geld.
the degree (of temperature)	der Grad
It is ten degrees.	Es sind zehn Grad.
How many degrees is it?	Wie viel Grad sind es?
to pay (settle up)	zahlen
I would like to pay, please.	Ich möchte zahlen, bitte.
We pay the waiter thirty euros.	Wir zahlen dem Kellner dreißig Euro.

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