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### The Twelve Months

The German months are very similar to their English counterparts. They are all masculine nouns (*der Januar*, *der Februar*, etc.), though you will usually use them without their article when listing them or making them the subject of a sentence.

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### Saying "In" a Month

To say that an event happens *in* a specific month, use the word **im** (a contraction of *in* + the masculine dative article *dem*).

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You can easily group months together using **und** (and) or **oder** (or).

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### Time First, Verb Second

It is very common in German to start a sentence with a time expression, such as **im April**. When you do this, remember the golden rule of German word order: the conjugated verb must be the second idea in the sentence. The subject simply slides to the other side of the verb.

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### Spanning Multiple Months

To describe an event or season that spans across multiple months, use the prepositions **von** (from) and **bis** (to). Because the months are used without an article here, you do not need to add *im*.

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When you ask a yes/no question about a timeline, the verb takes the first position as usual, followed by the subject, and then your time expression.

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Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Subordinate clauses for reasons (weil)

Question	Answer
January	der Januar
February	der Februar
January and February are cold.	Januar und Februar sind kalt.
in the (used with months) / in the (contraction of in + dem)	im
Does it snow often in January?	Schneit es im Januar oft?
I have my birthday in February.	Ich habe im Februar Geburtstag.
March	der März
May	der Mai
From March to May the weather is nice.	Von März bis Mai ist das Wetter schön.
April	der April
In April it sometimes rains.	Im April regnet es manchmal.
We traveled to Italy in March.	Wir sind im März nach Italien gereist.
The project starts in April or May.	Das Projekt fängt im April oder Mai an.
June	der Juni
July	der Juli
In June and July it is hot.	Im Juni und Juli ist es heiß.
August	der August
Are you taking a vacation in July or August?	Machen Sie im Juli oder August Urlaub?
The sun often shines in July and August.	Im Juli und August scheint oft die Sonne.
September	der September
October	der Oktober
September and October are cool.	September und Oktober sind kühl.
Did you fly to Spain in September?	Sind Sie im September nach Spanien geflogen?
November	der November
In October and November the weather is bad.	Im Oktober und November ist das Wetter schlecht.
December	der Dezember
In December it snows again.	Im Dezember schneit es wieder.
Are we celebrating the birthday in November or December?	Feiern wir den Geburtstag im November oder Dezember?
We are traveling to Italy in June.	Wir reisen im Juni nach Italien.
Christmas	das Weihnachten
We celebrate Christmas in December.	Wir feiern Weihnachten im Dezember.
At Christmas there are presents.	Zu Weihnachten gibt es Geschenke.
Easter	Ostern
Easter is in April.	Ostern ist im April.
We celebrate Easter together.	Wir feiern Ostern zusammen.
New Year's Eve	Silvester
New Year's Eve is in December.	Silvester ist im Dezember.
We celebrate New Year's Eve with friends.	Wir feiern Silvester mit Freunden.

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