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### Mixed N-declension nouns

Most weak nouns (N-declension) take an **-n** or **-en** ending in the accusative, dative, and genitive cases. However, a small group of nouns mixes the rules.

In the genitive case, these mixed nouns take their usual N-declension ending (**-n** or **-en**) plus the regular genitive **-s**. This results in a unique genitive ending of **-ns** or **-ens**.

The most common mixed noun is the neuter word **das Herz** (the heart). It remains *das Herz* in the nominative and accusative, takes an *-en* in the dative (*dem Herzen*), and takes the mixed **-ens** in the genitive (*des Herzens*).

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### Abstract masculine nouns

Aside from *das Herz*, almost all mixed nouns are abstract masculine concepts, such as **der Friede** (the peace) and **der Wille** (the will). These words are especially common when discussing negotiations and intentions.

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Other everyday masculine nouns in this group include **der Name** (the name), **der Glaube** (the belief), and **der Gedanke** (the thought). Watch how they add **-ns** to show possession or when following a genitive preposition.

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### Summary of mixed declension

To see the full picture, here is how a typical mixed masculine noun compares to the neuter exception *das Herz* across all four cases:

| Case | Masculine (*der Gedanke*) | Neuter (*das Herz*) |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | der Gedanke | das Herz |
| Accusative | den Gedanken | das Herz |
| Dative | dem Gedanken | dem Herzen |
| Genitive | **des Gedankens** | **des Herzens** |

Mixed N-declension nouns (-ns)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
the intention	die Absicht
sincere	aufrichtig
The intention of the heart is always sincere.	Die Absicht des Herzens ist immer aufrichtig.
the condition (prerequisite)	die Bedingung
the peace	der Friede
serious	ernsthaft
the negotiation	die Verhandlung
The condition of the peace was discussed in the serious negotiation.	Die Bedingung des Friedens wurde in der ernsthaften Verhandlung diskutiert.
the agreement	das Abkommen
the will	der Wille
The agreement was accepted because of the sincere will.	Das Abkommen wurde wegen des aufrichtigen Willens akzeptiert.
The agreement was confirmed, without us knowing the origin of the name.	Das Abkommen wurde bestätigt, ohne dass wir die Herkunft des Namens kannten.
The loss of the belief brought the end of the negotiation.	Der Verlust des Glaubens brachte das Ende der Verhandlung.
He destroyed the negotiation, instead of thinking of the intention of the heart.	Er zerstörte die Verhandlung, anstatt dass er an die Absicht des Herzens dachte.
the spark	der Funke
A spark of the peace was noticed, without us thinking of the danger.	Ein Funke des Friedens wurde bemerkt, ohne dass wir an die Gefahr dachten.
He named the price of the peace, without knowing the danger.	Er nannte den Preis des Friedens, ohne dass er die Gefahr kannte.
In the negotiation, he thought of the value of the peace.	In der Verhandlung dachte er an den Wert des Friedens.
The serious agreement was signed, without the value of the peace sinking.	Das ernsthafte Abkommen wurde unterschrieben, ohne dass der Wert des Friedens sank.
The condition is a spark of the sincere will.	Die Bedingung ist ein Funke des aufrichtigen Willens.
the thought	der Gedanke
We understand the thought because the power of the thought is great.	Wir verstehen den Gedanken, weil die Macht des Gedankens groß ist.
The intention of this thought is peace.	Die Absicht dieses Gedankens ist der Friede.
serious (grave)	ernst
The situation is serious.	Die Situation ist ernst.
He is making a serious face.	Er macht ein ernstes Gesicht.

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