Mixed N-declension nouns
Most weak nouns (N-declension) take an -n or -en ending in the accusative, dative, and genitive cases. However, a small group of nouns mixes the rules.
In the genitive case, these mixed nouns take their usual N-declension ending (-n or -en) plus the regular genitive -s. This results in a unique genitive ending of -ns or -ens.
The most common mixed noun is the neuter word das Herz (the heart). It remains das Herz in the nominative and accusative, takes an -en in the dative (dem Herzen), and takes the mixed -ens in the genitive (des Herzens).
| The intention of the heart is always sincere. | Die Absicht des Herzens ist immer aufrichtig. |
Abstract masculine nouns
Aside from das Herz, almost all mixed nouns are abstract masculine concepts, such as der Friede (the peace) and der Wille (the will). These words are especially common when discussing negotiations and intentions.
| The condition of the peace was discussed in the serious negotiation. | Die Bedingung des Friedens wurde in der ernsthaften Verhandlung diskutiert. |
| The agreement was accepted because of the sincere will. | Das Abkommen wurde wegen des aufrichtigen Willens akzeptiert. |
Other everyday masculine nouns in this group include der Name (the name), der Glaube (the belief), and der Gedanke (the thought). Watch how they add -ns to show possession or when following a genitive preposition.
| The loss of the belief brought the end of the negotiation. | Der Verlust des Glaubens brachte das Ende der Verhandlung. |
| We understand the thought because the power of the thought is great. | Wir verstehen den Gedanken, weil die Macht des Gedankens groß ist. |
Summary of mixed declension
To see the full picture, here is how a typical mixed masculine noun compares to the neuter exception das Herz across all four cases:
| Case | Masculine (der Gedanke) | Neuter (das Herz) |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | der Gedanke | das Herz |
| Accusative | den Gedanken | das Herz |
| Dative | dem Gedanken | dem Herzen |
| Genitive | des Gedankens | des Herzens |
