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### At the counter

L27 gave you the categories — *Brot, Käse, Fleisch, Obst, Milch*. These are the things you actually ask for.

| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
| **das Brötchen**, - | bread roll | **die Zwiebel**, -n | onion |
| **die Wurst**, ¨-e | sausage | **die Birne**, -n | pear |
| **der Schinken**, - | ham | **die Kirsche**, -n | cherry |
| **die Butter** (Sg.) | butter | **die Banane**, -n | banana |
| **der Pfeffer** (Sg.) | pepper | **die Pizza**, -s/-en | pizza |

{{item:873042}}

### die Butter and der Pfeffer have no plural

Substances are singular in German the way they are in English: *die Butter*, *der Pfeffer*, *die Milch*. You count them with a container or a measure — *ein Glas Milch*, *ein Kilo Butter*.

### das Lebensmittel — the shopping-list word

**das Lebensmittel** is what a supermarket sells: literally a *means of living*. You will almost always meet it in the plural, **die Lebensmittel**, and on shop signs.

> Im Supermarkt kaufe ich **Lebensmittel**.

{{item:873039}}

### Watch the gender of das Brötchen

Every German noun ending in **-chen** is **das**, no exceptions — *das Brötchen*, *das Mädchen* (L9). The ending makes things small, so *das Brot* (bread) gives *das Brötchen* (a little bread, a roll).

Food and groceries

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
the food item (usually plural: groceries)	das Lebensmittel
I buy groceries at the supermarket.	Im Supermarkt kaufe ich Lebensmittel.
Groceries are expensive today.	Die Lebensmittel sind heute teuer.
the bread roll	das Brötchen
I am buying two bread rolls.	Ich kaufe zwei Brötchen.
The bread roll is still warm.	Das Brötchen ist noch warm.
the sausage	die Wurst
The sausage tastes good.	Die Wurst schmeckt gut.
I eat bread with sausage.	Ich esse Brot mit Wurst.
the ham	der Schinken
The ham is very delicious.	Der Schinken ist sehr lecker.
Would you like cheese or ham?	Möchtest du Käse oder Schinken?
the butter	die Butter
The butter is at the supermarket.	Die Butter ist im Supermarkt.
I eat bread with butter.	Ich esse Brot mit Butter.
the pepper (spice)	der Pfeffer
The pepper is spicy.	Der Pfeffer ist scharf.
Please take the pepper!	Nimm bitte den Pfeffer!
the onion	die Zwiebel
I do not like the onion.	Ich mag die Zwiebel nicht.
I am cooking the soup with an onion.	Ich koche die Suppe mit einer Zwiebel.
the pear	die Birne
The pear is fruit.	Die Birne ist Obst.
I like eating a pear.	Ich esse gern eine Birne.
the cherry	die Kirsche
The cherry is small and red.	Die Kirsche ist klein und rot.
The children are eating the cherries.	Die Kinder essen die Kirschen.
the banana	die Banane
The banana is yellow.	Die Banane ist gelb.
The child eats a banana every day.	Das Kind isst jeden Tag eine Banane.
the pizza	die Pizza
We are eating pizza today.	Wir essen heute Pizza.
The pizza is hot.	Die Pizza ist heiß.
bitter	bitter
The coffee is too bitter.	Der Kaffee ist zu bitter.
The chocolate tastes bitter.	Die Schokolade schmeckt bitter.

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