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To say "my" or "your" in German, use **mein**, **dein** (informal), or **Ihr** (formal). In the nominative case (when the noun is the subject), the possessive ending depends on the noun's gender and number.

### Feminine and Plural Nouns

Add an **-e** for feminine nouns (like **die Familie**) and plural nouns (like **die Eltern**), making them **meine**, **deine**, or **Ihre**.

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### Masculine Nouns

Masculine nouns (like **der Vater**) use the base form with no extra ending.

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### The Formal "Your"

When speaking formally, use **Ihr**. It follows the exact same ending rules and is always capitalized.

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```

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Subordinate clauses for reasons (weil)

Question	Answer
my	mein
the family	die Familie
Here is my family.	Hier ist meine Familie.
your (informal)	dein
Is your family big?	Ist deine Familie groß?
the father	der Vater
My father works a lot.	Mein Vater arbeitet sehr viel.
Does your father drink coffee?	Trinkt dein Vater Kaffee?
your (formal)	Ihr
Where does your father live?	Wo wohnt Ihr Vater?
the mother	die Mutter
My mother comes from Germany.	Meine Mutter kommt aus Deutschland.
What is your mother doing now?	Was macht deine Mutter jetzt?
Is your mother working today?	Arbeitet Ihre Mutter heute?
the parents	die Eltern
My parents are old.	Meine Eltern sind alt.
Your parents work together.	Deine Eltern arbeiten zusammen.
Where are your parents?	Wo sind Ihre Eltern?
the brother	der Bruder
My brother is little.	Mein Bruder ist klein.
Does your brother like to play?	Spielt dein Bruder gern?
the sister	die Schwester
Is your sister looking for the bag?	Sucht Ihre Schwester die Tasche?
My sister wears glasses.	Meine Schwester trägt eine Brille.
the son	der Sohn
My son is always hungry.	Mein Sohn hat immer Hunger.
Your son is sleeping now.	Dein Sohn schläft jetzt.
the daughter	die Tochter
My daughter is drinking water.	Meine Tochter trinkt Wasser.
Does your daughter learn quickly?	Lernt Ihre Tochter schnell?

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