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### Counting by Tens: 30, 40, and 50

In English, we add "-ty" to make round numbers like forty and fifty. In German, the standard ending for multiples of ten is **-zig**. 

- **vier** (4) + **zig** = **vierzig** (40)
- **fünf** (5) + **zig** = **fünfzig** (50)

However, the number thirty is the one exception to the **-zig** rule. It uses an **Eszett** (the **ß** character) instead of a **z**, making the ending **-ßig**. 

- **drei** (3) + **ßig** = **dreißig** (30)

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### Spelling Changes: 60 and 70

Just like the teen numbers *sechzehn* (16) and *siebzehn* (17), sixty and seventy drop a few letters from their base numbers to make pronunciation smoother.

For sixty, **sechs** drops its final **-s**:
- **sechs** → **sechzig** (not *sechszig*)

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For seventy, **sieben** drops its final **-en**:
- **sieben** → **siebzig** (not *siebenzig*)

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### Rounding out the Tens: 80 and 90

Eighty and ninety go right back to the regular **-zig** pattern, combining the base number and the suffix without any spelling changes.

- **acht** (8) + **zig** = **achtzig** (80)
- **neun** (9) + **zig** = **neunzig** (90)

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### One Hundred

To say "a hundred" or "one hundred" in German, you can simply use the word **hundert**. You do not need to add "ein" (one) in front of it when talking about exactly one hundred.

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Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Subordinate clauses for reasons (weil)

Question	Answer
thirty	dreißig
The book has thirty pages.	Das Buch hat dreißig Seiten.
forty	vierzig
My mother is forty years old.	Meine Mutter ist vierzig Jahre alt.
We have invited thirty or forty people.	Wir haben dreißig oder vierzig Leute eingeladen.
fifty	fünfzig
The bus had fifty seats.	Der Bus hatte fünfzig Plätze.
sixty	sechzig
The hotel has sixty rooms.	Das Hotel hat sechzig Zimmer.
We have sixty questions.	Wir haben sechzig Fragen.
seventy	siebzig
My grandma is seventy years old.	Meine Oma ist siebzig Jahre alt.
eighty	achtzig
The man was eighty years old.	Der Mann war achtzig Jahre alt.
ninety	neunzig
We can take ninety photos.	Wir können neunzig Fotos machen.
I have ninety books.	Ich habe neunzig Bücher.
a hundred	hundert
A hundred bottles stand in the kitchen.	Hundert Flaschen stehen in der Küche.
A hundred people are at the party.	Hundert Leute sind auf der Party.
The grandpa is seventy or eighty years old.	Der Opa ist siebzig oder achtzig Jahre alt.
The book has fifty pages.	Das Buch hat fünfzig Seiten.