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### The colour words

You met **rot** with *werden* in the last lesson. Here is the rest of the set.

| colour | | colour | |
|---|---|---|---|
| **rot** | red | **braun** | brown |
| **blau** | blue | **grau** | grey |
| **grün** | green | **weiß** | white |
| **gelb** | yellow | **rosa** | pink |
| **orange** | orange | **lila** | purple |

The noun for colour itself, **die Farbe**, you already have from L39.

{{item:872988}}

### Keep them after the verb for now

German adjectives take endings when they stand IN FRONT of a noun — *ein **blaues** Auto* — and that machinery comes later. After **sein** or **werden** they take no ending at all, which is where every sentence in this lesson puts them.

> Das Auto ist **blau**. — The car is blue.
> Die Blume wird **gelb**. — The flower is turning yellow.

### Two that never change

**rosa** and **lila** are the odd pair: they came into German from other languages and they take **no endings ever**, not even in front of a noun. *ein rosa Kleid*, *die lila Blume*. Every other colour here behaves normally.

{{item:873007}}

Colours

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
blue	blau
The car is blue.	Das Auto ist blau.
My jacket is blue.	Meine Jacke ist blau.
green	grün
The tree is green.	Der Baum ist grün.
The tree is turning green again.	Der Baum wird wieder grün.
The car has a nice colour. It is green.	Das Auto hat eine schöne Farbe. Es ist grün.
yellow	gelb
The sun is yellow.	Die Sonne ist gelb.
The flower is turning yellow.	Die Blume wird gelb.
brown	braun
The bread is brown.	Das Brot ist braun.
Her eyes are brown.	Ihre Augen sind braun.
grey	grau
The weather is grey today.	Das Wetter ist heute grau.
white	weiß
The cat is grey and white.	Die Katze ist grau und weiß.
The snow is white.	Der Schnee ist weiß.
pink	rosa
The dress is pink.	Das Kleid ist rosa.
She is buying a pink dress.	Sie kauft ein rosa Kleid.
purple	lila
The flower is purple.	Die Blume ist lila.
I like purple, but I don't wear it.	Ich mag lila, aber ich trage es nicht.
orange (colour)	orange
The juice is orange.	Der Saft ist orange.
The skirt is orange.	Der Rock ist orange.

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