Abstract nouns (-nis)

In German, you can often recognize abstract nouns by the suffix -nis. This ending is frequently attached to verb stems to create a noun representing an action, result, or state (similar to "-ness" or "-tion" in English).

Most nouns ending in -nis are neuter and take the article das.

the experience (event, adventure)
das Erlebnis
The experience was a great venture back then.
Das Erlebnis war damals ein großes Wagnis.

When forming the plural of a noun ending in -nis, the rule is highly predictable: double the s and add an e. The singular suffix -nis always becomes the plural suffix -nisse.

These experiences are described exactly in the book.
Diese Erlebnisse werden in dem Buch genau beschrieben.
The relationship between the king and the queen was complicated.
Das Verhältnis zwischen dem König und der Königin war kompliziert.
The conditions in the country are often discussed.
Die Verhältnisse im Land werden oft diskutiert.

While the majority of these nouns are neuter, a handful of very common ones are feminine and take the article die. The plural rule remains exactly the same!

the insight
die Erkenntnis
This insight is very valuable.
Diese Erkenntnis ist sehr wertvoll.
The author shares the insights with the audience.
Der Autor teilt die Erkenntnisse mit dem Publikum.

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