Learn French: Je suis étudiant ici.

In French, when you state your profession, occupation, or status (like being a student) right after the verb être (to be), you usually drop the article (un or une). You literally just say "I am student."

How would this sentence change if a woman was speaking?

A female speaker would say Je suis étudiante ici. By adding an e to the end of the masculine word étudiant, it becomes feminine. This also changes the pronunciation: the usually silent "t" at the end is now pronounced.

Is the "s" at the end of "suis" pronounced in this sentence?

Normally, the "s" in suis is silent. However, because the very next word (étudiant) starts with a vowel, you will often hear native speakers connect the two words with a "z" sound: Je sui-z-étudiant. This linking is called a liaison.

Based on our current lesson, how would I ask someone "Are you a student here?" formally versus informally?

To ask politely or formally (to a stranger, a boss, or an elder), you use vous: Vous êtes étudiant ici ? To ask a friend, a family member, or a fellow student informally, you would use tu: Tu es étudiant ici ?