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### Indirect object pronouns

When someone receives an action—like when a doctor prescribes medicine *to you*, or a pharmacist gives a prescription *to us*—use an indirect object pronoun. 

Indirect object pronouns answer the question "to whom" or "for whom" an action is done. Here are the first- and second-person forms:

| Pronoun | Meaning |
|---|---|
| **me** | to / for me |
| **te** | to / for you (singular/informal) |
| **nous** | to / for us |
| **vous** | to / for you (plural/formal) |

In English, these usually go after the verb ("He gives **me** a pill"). In French, they are placed *directly before* the conjugated verb.

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### Advising and giving

Indirect object pronouns are extremely common with verbs related to communicating, giving, and advising, such as *donner* (to give), *conseiller* (to advise), and *recommander* (to recommend).

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### Vowel contractions

Just like *je* becomes *j'* before a vowel, **me** and **te** drop their **-e** and become **m'** and **t'** before a vowel or mute *h*.

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Indirect object pronouns 1 (me, te, nous, vous)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular 'to be' and indefinite articles (je suis un...)

Singular definite articles (le, la, l')

Identifying vs. describing (c'est vs. il est)

Feminine adjective agreement (+e)

Plural pronouns and 'to be' (nous sommes, vous êtes)

Formal and informal you (tu vs. vous)

Plural nouns and indefinite articles (des... -s)

Plural definite articles (les)

Plural adjective agreement (+s)

Stressed pronouns (moi, toi, lui)

The verb "to have" singular (j'ai, tu as, il a)

The verb "to have" plural (nous avons, vous avez, ils ont)

There is / there are (il y a)

Basic verbal negation (ne... pas)

Negating "there is" (il n'y a pas de)

Regular -er verbs singular (je parle, tu parles, il parle)

Regular -er verbs plural (nous parlons, vous parlez, ils parlent)

The verb "to be called" (s'appeler)

Yes/no questions with intonation (Tu parles ?)

Yes/no questions with "Est-ce que" (Est-ce que tu parles ?)

Informal questions (qui, que, quoi)

Standard questions (est-ce que)

Singular possessives (mon, ton, son)

Plural possessives (notre, votre, leur)

Demonstrative adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces)

Adjective placement

Numbers 1 to 20

Numbers 21 to 100

Age and physical states (avoir)

The verb to go (aller)

The preposition to/at (à, au, aux)

Question word for location (où)

Prepositions for cities and countries (à, en, au, aux)

The verb to come (venir)

The preposition from/of (de, du, des)

Question word for origin (d'où)

The verb to do/make (faire)

Days of the week (lundi, mardi)

Telling time (il est... heure)

Question words for time (quand, à quelle heure)

The verb to take or have (prendre)

The verb to drink (boire)

Partitive articles (du, de la, de l')

Zero quantity (pas de)

Expressions of quantity (un peu de, beaucoup de)

Asking how much or how many (combien, combien de)

Very vs. a lot (très, beaucoup)

The verb to want (vouloir)

Polite requests (je voudrais)

The verb to be able to (pouvoir)

Obligation (devoir)

General obligation (il faut)

Why and because (pourquoi, parce que)

Expressing purpose (pour)

Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous)

Daily routine verbs (se lever, s'habiller)

Adverbs of frequency (parfois, rarement)

Never (ne... jamais)

Regular -ir verbs (choisir, finir)

Regular -re verbs (attendre, répondre)

Irregular -ir verbs (sortir, partir, dormir)

Informal 'we' (on)

The imperative mood

Direct object pronouns (le, la, les, l')

The near future (aller + infinitive)

The recent past (venir de + infinitive)

The passé composé with avoir

Irregular past participles (eu, été, fait, pris, vu)

The passé composé with être

The negative passé composé (ne ... pas)

Saying goodbye

Please, sorry and thank you

Which / what (quel)

The indefinite adjective (tout, tous)

Irregular feminine adjectives (-euse, -ve)

Double consonant adjectives (-enne, -ette)

Feminine adjective endings (-ère, -trice)

Irregular plurals (-x)

Plurals ending in -al (-aux)

Present tense stem changes (e to è)

Accent stem changes (é to è)

Double consonant verbs (appeler, jeter)

Verbs ending in -yer (payer, envoyer)

Irregular communication verbs (dire, lire)

Irregular action verbs (écrire, mettre)

Question	Answer
to prescribe	prescrire
the medicine	le médicament
The doctor is prescribing me a medication.	Le médecin me prescrit un médicament.
to advise	conseiller
the syrup	le sirop
You are coughing, I advise you to take this syrup.	Tu tousses, je te conseille ce sirop.
the pharmacist	le pharmacien
the prescription (f)	l'ordonnance
The pharmacist is giving us a prescription.	Le pharmacien nous donne une ordonnance.
the pill	la pilule
The doctor is prescribing you these pills.	Le médecin vous prescrit ces pilules.
to recommend	recommander
the herbal tea	la tisane
My friend is recommending a hot herbal tea to me.	Mon ami me recommande une tisane chaude.
Are you advising us to take this medication?	Vous nous conseillez ce médicament ?
He is giving you the prescription for the medication.	Il te donne l'ordonnance pour le médicament.
Madam, the pharmacist is recommending a good syrup to you.	Madame, le pharmacien vous recommande un bon sirop.
You are giving me a lot of pills!	Tu me donnes beaucoup de pilules !
I am bringing you an herbal tea.	Je t'apporte une tisane.
the vitamin	la vitamine
The doctor is prescribing us some vitamins because we are tired.	Le médecin nous prescrit des vitamines parce que nous sommes fatigués.
I advise you to take this new medication.	Je vous conseille ce nouveau médicament.
Are you bringing us the prescription today?	Tu nous apportes l'ordonnance aujourd'hui ?
The pharmacist is explaining the prescription to me.	Le pharmacien m'explique l'ordonnance.
You are sick, I recommend a hot herbal tea to you.	Tu es malade, je te recommande une tisane chaude.
You are tired, I recommend a vitamin to you.	Tu es fatigué, je te recommande une vitamine.
to please, to be liked by	plaire
I like this film a lot.	Ce film me plaît beaucoup.
Do you like this present?	Est-ce que ce cadeau te plaît ?

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