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### Making Adjectives Feminine

In French, adjectives must agree with the gender of the noun they describe. The regular way to make an adjective feminine is to add an **-e**.

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Notice how the adjectives change to match each noun:

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### The Pronunciation Shift

Adding the feminine **-e** often changes the pronunciation. In many masculine adjectives, the final consonant is silent. When you add the **-e**, you pronounce that final consonant.

Listen to the difference between masculine **fort** (silent "t") and feminine **forte** (pronounced "t"):

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The same applies to adjectives ending in "s". The final consonant in **français** becomes a "z" sound in the feminine **française**.

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### Adjective Placement

Most adjectives in French are placed *after* the noun they describe. 

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A sentence can have multiple adjectives, and they must all agree with the noun:

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Feminine adjective agreement (+e)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and elision (le, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, une)

Identifying vs. describing (c'est vs. il est)

Plural pronouns and 'to be' (nous sommes, vous êtes)

Formal and informal you (tu vs. vous)

Plural nouns and indefinite articles (des... -s)

Plural definite articles (les)

Plural adjective agreement (+s)

Stressed pronouns (moi, toi, lui)

The verb "to have" singular (j'ai, tu as, il a)

The verb "to have" plural (nous avons, vous avez, ils ont)

There is / there are (il y a)

Basic verbal negation (ne... pas)

Negating "there is" (il n'y a pas de)

Regular -er verbs singular (je parle, tu parles, il parle)

Regular -er verbs plural (nous parlons, vous parlez, ils parlent)

The verb "to be called" (s'appeler)

Yes/no questions with intonation (Tu parles ?)

Yes/no questions with "Est-ce que" (Est-ce que tu parles ?)

Informal questions (qui, que, quoi)

Standard questions (est-ce que)

Singular possessives (mon, ton, son)

Plural possessives (notre, votre, leur)

Demonstrative adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces)

Adjective placement

Numbers 1 to 20

Numbers 21 to 100

Age and physical states (avoir)

The verb to go (aller)

The preposition to/at (à, au, aux)

Question word for location (où)

Prepositions for cities and countries (à, en, au, aux)

The verb to come (venir)

The preposition from/of (de, du, des)

Question word for origin (d'où)

The verb to do/make (faire)

Days of the week (lundi, mardi)

Telling time (il est... heure)

Question words for time (quand, à quelle heure)

The verb to take or have (prendre)

The verb to drink (boire)

Partitive articles (du, de la, de l')

Zero quantity (pas de)

Expressions of quantity (un peu de, beaucoup de)

Asking how much or how many (combien, combien de)

Very vs. a lot (très, beaucoup)

The verb to want (vouloir)

Polite requests (je voudrais)

The verb to be able to (pouvoir)

Obligation (devoir)

General obligation (il faut)

Why and because (pourquoi, parce que)

Expressing purpose (pour)

Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous)

Daily routine verbs (se lever, s'habiller)

Adverbs of frequency (parfois, rarement)

Never (ne... jamais)

Regular -ir verbs (choisir, finir)

Regular -re verbs (attendre, répondre)

Irregular -ir verbs (sortir, partir, dormir)

Informal 'we' (on)

The imperative mood

Direct object pronouns (le, la, les, l')

The near future (aller + infinitive)

The recent past (venir de + infinitive)

The passé composé with avoir

Irregular past participles (eu, été, fait, pris, vu)

The passé composé with être

The negative passé composé (ne ... pas)

Saying goodbye

Please, sorry and thank you

Which / what (quel)

The indefinite adjective (tout, tous)

Irregular feminine adjectives (-euse, -ve)

Double consonant adjectives (-enne, -ette)

Feminine adjective endings (-ère, -trice)

Irregular plurals (-x)

Plurals ending in -al (-aux)

Present tense stem changes (e to è)

Accent stem changes (é to è)

Double consonant verbs (appeler, jeter)

Verbs ending in -yer (payer, envoyer)

Irregular communication verbs (dire, lire)

Irregular action verbs (écrire, mettre)

Knowing facts vs. familiarity (savoir, connaître)

Question	Answer
the coffee	le café
hot	chaud
The coffee is very hot.	Le café est très chaud.
cold	froid
The water is very cold.	L'eau est très froide.
and	et
The coffee is hot and the water is cold.	Le café est chaud et l'eau est froide.
strong	fort
The dog is strong, but the cat is small.	Le chien est fort, mais le chat est petit.
She is very strong.	Elle est très forte.
French	français
I am a French man.	Je suis un homme français.
She is French.	Elle est française.
She is a French girl.	C'est une fille française.
the book	le livre
fun	amusant
The book is very fun.	Le livre est très amusant.
She is a fun girl.	C'est une fille amusante.
the bag	le sac
heavy	lourd
The bag is large and very heavy.	Le sac est grand et très lourd.
The table is heavy.	La table est lourde.
It is a heavy bag.	C'est un sac lourd.
perfect	parfait
It is a perfect book.	C'est un livre parfait.
the car	la voiture
The car is perfect.	La voiture est parfaite.
The small car is there.	La petite voiture est là.
The French car is fun.	La voiture française est amusante.

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