Breakdown of Sitä mukaa kun olimme louhineet alas, kallioperä oli muuttunut kovemmaksi.
olla
to be
muuttua
to change
kova
strong (intense, hard)
alas
down (motion)
Questions & Answers about Sitä mukaa kun olimme louhineet alas, kallioperä oli muuttunut kovemmaksi.
How does sitä mukaa kun change the meaning compared to just using kun?
While kun generally means 'when' or 'as' in a basic time sense, sitä mukaa kun specifically emphasizes proportional progression. It tells you that as one action progressed, the other state changed at the exact same rate. You can think of it as 'at the same rate as' or 'in proportion to how'.
Why is the comparative adjective kovempi (harder) in the translative case as kovemmaksi?
The translative case, which ends in -ksi, is used to show a change of state—what something turns into. The verb muuttua (to change / to become) strongly triggers the translative case. So, oli muuttunut kovemmaksi literally means the bedrock 'had changed into a harder state'.
Why are the verbs olimme louhineet and oli muuttunut in the pluperfect (past perfect) tense instead of the regular past tense?
The pluperfect tense is used to describe a process that was already completed or had been ongoing before the main narrative timeframe of the story. Using the pluperfect here sets the scene as background information, emphasizing what had already progressively happened by a certain point in the past.
What is the difference between louhia and a more common word for digging like kaivaa?