Question 1

How is the word isompaan formed from the basic comparative?

Accepted Answer

The basic word is iso (big), and its comparative form is isompi (bigger). When you add the illative case ending, which expresses changing 'to' or 'into' something, the -mpi changes to the strong stem -mpa-. Then you add the standard illative ending, which doubles the last vowel and adds -n, making it isompaan.

Question 2

Where does the double 'a' before the comparative ending come from in kirkkaampaan?

Accepted Answer

The base adjective is kirkas (bright). For words ending in -as or -äs, you have to use their vowel stem before adding the comparative ending. The stem of kirkas is kirkkaa-, so 'brighter' is kirkkaampi. Just like with the previous word, the -mpi turns into -mpa- before adding the illative ending, resulting in kirkkaampaan.

Question 3

Why do the adjectives and the word malliin use the illative case?

Accepted Answer

This is dictated by the verb vaihtaa (to change or swap). When you state what you are replacing an item with, Finnish requires the illative case for the new item. Because the noun malliin (to a model) is in the illative, the adjectives describing it must match.

Question 4

Why is 'the old screen' written as vanhan näytön rather than vanha näyttö?

Accepted Answer

It is the direct object of the sentence. Because changing the screen is a complete action that gets finished, the singular object takes the accusative -n ending. This ending looks exactly like the genitive case, so vanha näyttö becomes vanhan näytön.

Vaihdan vanhan näytön isompaan ja kirkkaampaan malliin.

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