Breakdown of Saasteita ei ole puhdistettu järvestä.
olla
to be
ei
no / not (en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivät)
järvi
lake
saaste
pollution
puhdistaa
to clean (an object, wound, etc.)
Questions & Answers about Saasteita ei ole puhdistettu järvestä.
How do we form the perfect passive negative in ei ole puhdistettu?
It is made of three parts: the negative word ei, the auxiliary verb ole, and the passive past participle puhdistettu. Notice that the auxiliary is just ole rather than a conjugated form, because the passive tense does not change for personal pronouns.
Why is the word for pollutants (saasteita) in the partitive case?
There are two reasons! First, in any negative sentence, the object must be in the partitive case. Second, it is an unspecified plural amount (meaning 'some pollutants' rather than 'all of the pollutants'). The base singular word is saaste.
Why do we use järvestä (from inside the lake) instead of järveltä (from on the lake)?
The elative ending -stä means 'out of'. Pollutants are mixed into the water, so they are being removed from inside the lake itself. If you used järveltä, it would sound like you were cleaning trash off the frozen surface of the lake.
What is the infinitive form of puhdistettu, and how is it related to the word for 'clean'?
The infinitive verb is puhdistaa (to clean), which is built from the adjective puhdas (clean). In Finnish, adding -staa or -stää to an adjective often creates a verb that means 'to make something [adjective]'.
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