Learn Finnish: Päästöjä ei ole vähennetty tarpeeksi. - Emissions have not been reduced enough.

Päästöjä ei ole vähennetty tarpeeksi.

Emissions have not been reduced enough.

Breakdown of Päästöjä ei ole vähennetty tarpeeksi.

olla

to be

no / not (en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivät)

Questions & Answers about Päästöjä ei ole vähennetty tarpeeksi.

Why is the verb "ei ole" singular when "emissions" is plural?

In Finnish, passive verbs never agree with the noun in number or person, because the passive implies an unknown "someone" doing the action. The passive auxiliary is always the singular ei ole, regardless of whether the object is singular or plural.

Why is päästöjä in the partitive plural instead of the nominative plural?

This is because the sentence is negative. In a positive passive perfect sentence, a plural object would be in the nominative (Päästöt on vähennetty). However, making the sentence negative (ei ole...) forces the object into the partitive case, resulting in päästöjä.

How do we form the passive past participle vähennetty?

The dictionary verb is vähentää (to reduce). To form the passive past participle for a Type 1 verb, you take the present passive form (vähennetään) and replace the final -ään with -ty (following vowel harmony rules) to get vähennetty.

Why does the word for "enough" (tarpeeksi) end in the translative case marker -ksi?

It is originally formed from the noun tarve (a need). Putting it in the translative case literally translates to "for a need," but it has become a fixed adverb in Finnish that simply means "enough" or "sufficiently".