Learn Finnish: Loukkaisiko tämä sana häntä?

The verb loukata (to offend) is a type 4 verb. Type 4 verbs have the weak consonant grade in their infinitive (dictionary) form, which is why you see a single k. However, the conditional mood (the 'would' form) is built on the strong stem. The strong stem is loukkaa-. We add the conditional marker -isi- to get loukkaisi, keeping that strong double kk.

How do we know this is a question if there is no question word like kuka or mitä?

To make a yes/no question in Finnish, you move the main word you are asking about to the front of the sentence and attach the suffix -ko or -kö. Here, the verb loukkaisi (would offend) is moved to the front and gets the -ko ending, making it loukkaisiko (would it offend?).

Why is the object 'him' translated as häntä (partitive) rather than hänet?

The verb loukata is a partitive verb, meaning its object must always be in the partitive case (häntä). Verbs that express emotions, feelings, or actions without a definitive physical endpoint usually require their object to be in the partitive.

Could this sentence also translate to 'Would he offend this word?'