Breakdown of Hän ei ole palauttanut hakemusta virastoon.
olla
to be
hän
he / she
ei
no / not (en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivät)
hakemus
application
palauttaa
to return (an object, give back)
virasto
agency
Questions & Answers about Hän ei ole palauttanut hakemusta virastoon.
How is the negative perfect tense formed in ei ole palauttanut?
To say someone "has not done" something, you use three parts: the negative verb (ei for hän), the helper word ole (which never changes in this tense), and the past participle of the main verb (palauttanut).
Why is the object hakemusta in the partitive case?
In Finnish, negative sentences almost always require the object to be in the partitive case. Because the action didn't happen, the base word hakemus (application) becomes the partitive hakemusta.
What is the base verb for palauttanut, and how is this form made?
The base verb is palauttaa (to return something), which is a type 1 verb. To make the past participle, we drop the final -a and add -nut. The double -tt- is a "strong" consonant grade, which is kept in this form.
Why do we use virastoon (into the agency) instead of virastolle (to the agency)?
When you submit or return something to an official institution, office, or building, Finnish prefers the "in" cases. You put the application "into" the agency, so virasto gets the illative ending -on to become virastoon.
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