Word
Isoisä on tuonut kankaan ja tarvitsee sakset.
Meaning
Grandfather has brought the fabric and needs the scissors.
Part of speech
sentence
Pronunciation
Course
Questions & Answers about Isoisä on tuonut kankaan ja tarvitsee sakset.
How do we form the past participle tuonut from the verb tuoda?
Tuoda (to bring) is a Type 2 verb. To form the active past participle for Type 2 verbs, you take the infinitive stem (which is the word without the final -da or -dä, giving us tuo-) and add -nut or -nyt. Because of vowel harmony (the back vowels u and o), we use -nut, resulting in tuonut. Paired with on, it creates the perfect tense on tuonut (has brought).
What is the base form of kankaan, and why does the spelling change so much?
The dictionary form is kangas (fabric). Words ending in -as or -äs are tricky because they undergo "reverse" consonant gradation. The weak consonant combination ng in kangas strengthens to nk in the stem, and the final -s changes to a doubled vowel. This makes the stem kankaa-. Adding the object ending -n gives us kankaan.
Why does the object kankaan end in -n, but the object sakset ends in -t?