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Finnish

### The Conditional Mood (-isi-)

To talk about dreams, hypothetical situations, or what you *would* do, Finnish uses the conditional mood. You will often see it paired with the word **jos** (if).

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The conditional marker is **-isi-**. It is attached to the verb stem, and any personal ending (like **-n** for "I" or **-mme** for "we") goes at the very end. 

When adding **-isi-**, the final vowel of the verb stem often drops to make room for the **i**:
- *olla* (to be) → *olisi-* + *-n* → *olisin* (I would be)
- *voittaa* (to win) → *voittaisi-* + *-n* → *voittaisin* (I would win)

In the third-person singular, there is no personal ending. The verb simply ends in **-isi**.
- *pelata* (to play) → *pelaisi* (he/she would play)
- *olla* (to be) → *olisi* (it would be / someone would have)

### More Verbs in the Conditional

Just like in the present tense, you can use the conditional for any person by swapping the personal ending.

- *ostaa* (to buy) → *ostaisi* (she would buy)
- *antaa* (to give) → *antaisin* (I would give)
- *rakentaa* (to build) → *rakentaisimme* (we would build)

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### Describing Possessions and Actions

The third-person **olisi** (would be) is incredibly useful for describing what you would own or what would exist around you in your dream life.

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You can attach the conditional marker to any verb to describe how you would spend your time or what luxury items you would choose.

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The conditional mood (-isi-)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Question	Answer
the lottery	lotto
rich	rikas
If I won the lottery, I would be rich.	Jos voittaisin lotossa, olisin rikas.
My brother would play the lottery if he had money.	Veljeni pelaisi lottoa, jos hänellä olisi rahaa.
A rich woman would buy a new mansion.	Rikas nainen ostaisi uuden kartanon.
the charity	hyväntekeväisyys
If I were rich, I would give a lot of money to charity.	Jos olisin rikas, antaisin paljon rahaa hyväntekeväisyyteen.
million	miljoona
One million euros would be an awesome surprise.	Yksi miljoona euroa olisi mahtava yllätys.
the villa	huvila
He would get two million euros and a new villa.	Hän saisi kaksi miljoonaa euroa ja uuden huvilan.
own	oma
I would buy my own villa, whose windows would be big.	Ostaisin oman huvilan, jonka ikkunat olisivat isot.
We would build our own house.	Me rakentaisimme oman talon.
the yacht	jahti
In the summer my family would sail on a new yacht.	Kesällä perheeni purjehtisi uudella jahdilla.
This big yacht would cost about a million euros.	Tämä iso jahti maksaisi noin miljoona euroa.
the swimming pool	uima-allas
In the villa's yard there would be a big swimming pool.	Huvilan pihalla olisi iso uima-allas.
I would swim in the swimming pool every morning.	Uisin uima-altaassa joka aamu.
the helicopter	helikopteri
The boy would fly to school by helicopter.	Poika lentäisi kouluun helikopterilla.
That expensive helicopter would arrive at the island on time.	Tuo kallis helikopteri saapuisi saarelle ajoissa.
the diamond	timantti
My wife would choose a beautiful diamond.	Vaimoni valitsisi kauniin timantin.
Those big diamonds would be expensive.	Nuo isot timantit olisivat kalliita.
The rich boss would donate a lot of money to charity.	Rikas pomo lahjoittaisi paljon rahaa hyväntekeväisyyteen.
Charity would help sick people.	Hyväntekeväisyys auttaisi sairaita ihmisiä.
The old mansion and the new villa would be mine.	Vanha kartano ja uusi huvila olisivat minun.
We would buy three villas from Spain.	Ostaisimme kolme huvilaa Espanjasta.