Partitive postpositions (varten, kohti, vastaan)

In English, we use prepositions (like for, towards, or against) before a noun. Finnish often uses postpositions, which come after the noun.

Postpositions dictate the grammatical case of the word they modify. While many require the genitive case, a specific group requires the partitive case. Let's look at three essential partitive postpositions: varten, kohti, and vastaan.

Varten (For)

Use varten to express purpose or intention. The noun it modifies takes the partitive case, followed immediately by the postposition.

I am saving this piece for a checkmate.
Säästän tätä nappulaa shakkimattia varten.
I made this move for the king.
Tein tämän siirron kuningasta varten.
This pawn is for defense.
Tämä sotilas on puolustusta varten.

Kohti (Towards)

Kohti describes the direction of a movement or the target of an attack.

The bishop moves directly towards the queen.
Lähetti liikkuu suoraan kuningatarta kohti.
We are attacking towards the opponent's king.
Hyökkäämme vastustajan kuningasta kohti.

Vastaan (Against)

Use vastaan when playing or defending against a specific opponent or move.

I am playing against you.
Mä pelaan sua vastaan.
It is difficult to defend against a good move.
On vaikea puolustautua hyvää siirtoa vastaan.

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